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List of codecs

The following is a list of compression formats and related codecs . Audio compression formats Non-compression Linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM, generally only described as PCM...

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The following is a list of compression formats and related codecs.

Audio compression formats

Non-compression

Lossless compression

Compresión con pérdidas

Híbrido general/de habla

Códecs de audio neuronales

General

AES3
  • SMPTE 302M
    • FFmpeg (solo decodificador)
  • Dolby E
    • FFmpeg (solo decodificador)
Bluetooth
radio digital

Voz

(Baja tasa de bits, optimizada para voz)

Microsoft DirectPlay

Those codecs are used by many PC games which use voice chats via Microsoft DirectPlay API.

  • Voxware MetaVoice
    • Windows Media Player (voxmvdec.ax)
  • Truespeech
    • Windows Media Player (tssoft32.acm)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MS GSM
    • Windows Media Player (msgsm32.acm)
    • libgsm
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MS-ADPCM
    • Windows Media Player (msadp32.acm)
    • FFmpeg
Digital Voice Recorder
  • International Voice Association (IVA) standards:
    • Digital Speech Standard / Standard Play (DSS-SP)
      • FFmpeg (decoding only)
    • Digital Speech Standard / Quality Play (DSS-QP)
  • Sony LPEC
  • Truespeech Triple Rate CODER (TRC)[26] – used in some pocket recorders
  • Micronas Intermetall MI-SC4 - used by voice recorders such as RadioShack Digital Recorder[27] and I-O DATA HyperHyde[28]
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Sanyo LD-ADPCM - used by Sanyo ICR series[29]
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)[29]
Mobile phone
Generation 2
Generation 3/4
  • 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
    • Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
      • AMR-NB
        • 3GPP TS 26.073 – AMR speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[30]
        • opencore-amr (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrnb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)
        • FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)
      • AMR-WB
        • 3GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[12]
        • opencore-amr (decoder), from OpenCORE (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrwb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)
        • vo-amrwbenc (encoder), from VisualOn, included in Android (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libvo-amrwbenc to incorporate the VisualOn lib)
        • FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options).
      • AMR-WB+
        • 3GPP TS 26.273 – AMR-WB+ speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[31]
      • Enhanced Voice Services (EVS)
        • 3GPP TS.26.443 – Codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) – ANSI C code (floating-point)[32]
  • 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
Professional mobile radio
  • APCO
    • Project 25 Phase 2 Enhanced Full-Rate (AMBE+2 4400bit/s with 2800bit/s FEC)
    • Project 25 Phase 2 Half-Rate (AMBE+2 2450bit/s with 1150bit/s FEC) – also used in NXDN and DMR
      • mbelib (decoder only)
    • Project 25 Phase 1 Full Rate (IMBE 7200bit/s)
      • mbelib (decoder only)
  • European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
    • ETS 300 395-2 (TETRA ACELP 4.6kbit/s)
  • TETRAPOL
    • RPCELP 6 kbit/s
  • D-STAR Digital Voice (AMBE 2400bit/s with 1200bit/s FEC)
    • mbelib (decoder only)
  • Professional Digital Trunking System Industry Association (PDT Alliance) standards:
    • NVOC – used in China
  • Spirit DSP RALCWI
  • DSPINI
    • SPR Robust
    • TWELP Robust
  • Codec2
    • libcodec2
  • RL-CELP (used in Japanese railways[33][34])
Military

Video games

  • Bink Audio, Smacker Audio
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Actimagine (Nintendo European Research & Development) FastAudio[36]
    • MobiclipDecoder (decoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Nintendo GCADPCM[37] (a.k.a. DSP ADPCM or THP ADPCM) - used in GameCube, Wii and Nintendo 3DS.
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • VGAudio
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Sony VAG[37] (a.k.a. Sony PSX ADPCM)
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Sony HEVAG[37] - used in PS Vita.[38]
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
  • Sony ATRAC9[37] - used in PS4 and PS Vita.
    • VGAudio (decoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Microsoft XMA[37] - WMA variants for Xbox 360 hardware decoding.[39]
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Xbox ADPCM
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • CRIADX ADPCM
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • VGAudio
    • FFmpeg
  • CRI AHX
  • CRI HCA/HCA-MX - utilizado en el middleware CRI ADX2. [ 40 ]
    • vgmstream (solo decodificador)
    • VGAudio
    • FFmpeg (solo decodificador)
    • libcgss
    • HCADecoder (solo decodificador)
  • FMOD FADPCM [ 41 ]
    • vgmstream (solo decodificador)

formatos de compresión de texto

formatos de compresión de vídeo

Sin compresión

  • RGB 4:4:4 (solo lineal, con conversión de transferencia y reducción de bits, también una especie de compresión de hasta aproximadamente 3:1 para HDR)
  • YUV 4:4:4/4:2:2/4:1:1/4:2:0 (todos los valores inferiores de 4:4:4 se comprimen espacialmente hasta 2:1 para 4:2:0 con distorsiones de color específicas).
    • Intel IYUV
  • Vídeo sin comprimir de 10 bits
  • Señal digital compuesta: utilizada por las videocasetes digitales de difusión SMPTE D-2 y D-3.
  • Avid DNxUncompressed (SMPTE RDD 50)
  • V210 - definido por Apple y utilizado por tarjetas de vídeo de entrada/salida de interfaz digital serie [ 42 ]

Señales analógicas

Compresión de vídeo sin pérdidas

  • Normas ITU-T/ISO/IEC:
    • H.264 sin pérdidas
      • x264 (solo codificador)
      • FFmpeg (solo decodificador, utiliza x264 para la codificación)
      • NVDEC / NVENC (para GPU NVIDIA)
    • H.265 sin pérdidas [ 43 ]
      • x265 (solo codificador)
      • UHDcode (solo decodificador, utiliza x265 para leer archivos codificados en HEVC) [ 44 ]
      • FFmpeg (solo decodificador, usa x265 para la codificación) [ 45 ] [ 46 ]
      • NVDEC/NVENC (para GPU NVIDIA)
    • Motion JPEG 2000 sin pérdidas
      • libopenjpeg
    • JPEG XS sin pérdidas
      • FastTICO-XS
  • Estándares IETF:
    • FFV1 (RFC 9043) [ 47 ]  – El factor de compresión de FFV1 es comparable al de Motion JPEG 2000 , pero se basa en algoritmos más rápidos (permite la captura en tiempo real). Escrito por Michael Niedermayer y publicado como parte de FFmpeg bajo la licencia GNU LGPL .
      • FFmpeg
  • Normas SMPTE:
    • VC-2 HQ sin pérdidas (también conocido como Dirac Pro sin pérdidas)
      • libdirac
      • libschroedinger
  • Códec de vídeo sin pérdidas de Alfarysoft (Alpary)
  • Animación de Apple (QuickTime RLE)
    • QuickTime
    • FFmpeg
  • ArithYuv
  • AV1
  • AVIzlib
    • LCL (códec VfW) MSZH y ZLIB [ 48 ]
    • FFmpeg
  • Autodesk Animator Codec (AASC)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • CAI Format
  • CamStudio GZIP/LZO
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Chennai Codec (EVX-1)
    • Cairo Experimental Video Codec (open source)
  • Dxtory
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • FastCodec
  • Flash Screen Video v1/v2[49]
    • FFmpeg
  • FM Screen Capture Codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Fraps codec (FPS1)[50]
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Grass Valley Lossless
    • Grass Valley Codec Option
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Huffyuv Huffyuv (or HuffYUV) was written by Ben Rudiak-Gould and published under the terms of the GNU GPL as free software, meant to replace uncompressed YCbCr as a video capture format. It uses very little CPU but takes a lot of disk space. See also ffvhuff which is an "FFmpeg only" version of it.
    • FFmpeg
  • IgCodec
  • Intel RLE
  • innoHeim/Rsupport Screen Capture Codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Lagarith A more up-to-date fork of Huffyuv is available as Lagarith[51]
    • Lagarith Codec (VfW codec)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • LOCO[52] - based on JPEG-LS
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MagicYUV[53]
    • MagicYUV SDK
    • FFmpeg
  • Microsoft RLE (MSRLE)
    • FFmpeg
  • MSU Lossless Video Codec
  • MSU Screen Capture Lossless
  • CorePNG - based on PNG
    • FFmpeg
  • ScreenPresso (SPV1)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • ScreenPressor[54] - a successor of MSU Screen Capture Lossless
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • SheerVideo
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Snow lossless
    • FFmpeg
  • TechSmith Screen Capture Codec (TSCC)[55]
    • EnSharpen Video Codec for QuickTime
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Toponoky
  • Ut Video Codec Suite[56][57]
    • libutvideo
    • FFmpeg
  • VBLE[58]
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • VP9 by Google[59]
    • libvpx
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • YULS
  • ZeroCodec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • ZMBV (Zip Motion Block Video) Codec - used by DOSBox
    • FFmpeg

Lossless game codecs

  • DXA
    • ScummVM Tools (encoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)

Lossy compression

General

AI-based / AI-enhanced video codecs

  • AIVC[67]
  • Deep Render codec[68][69]
  • MPAI
    • AI-Enhanced Video Coding (MPAI-EVC; under development)
    • AI-based End-to-End Video Coding (MPAI-EEV; under development)

Scalable / Layered

VP8,[70] VP9,[70] AV1,[70] and H.266/VVC support scalable modes by default.

  • ITU-T/ISO/IEC standards:
    • Scalable Video Coding (H.264/SVC; H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Annex G; an extension of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC)
    • Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC; an extension of H.265/HEVC)
    • Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC; MPEG-5 Part 2)
      • LCEVC Decoder SDK (open source; decoder only)
      • V-Nova LCEVC SDK
  • SMPTE standards
    • VC-4 Layered Video Extension (SMPTE ST 2058-1:2011)

Intra-frame-only

Stereoscopic 3D / Multiview

  • Multiview Video Coding
  • Multiview High Efficiency Video Coding (MV-HEVC; an extension of H.265/HEVC)
    • MainConcept MV-HEVC Encoder add-on
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
    • x265 v4.0 or later (encoder only)
    • NVENC[79] (for NVIDIA GPU)

Security and surveillance cameras

  • Guobiao standards (GB/T)
    • AVS-S-P2 (suspended[80])
    • SVAC (GB/T 25724-2010)
  • Infinity CCTV Codec (IMM4/IMM5/IMM6)
    • FFmpeg[81][82] (IMM4 and IMM5 decoder only)
  • CDXL codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Cinepak[83] (a.k.a. Apple Compact Video)
    • FFmpeg
  • Photo CD codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MotionPixels - used in MovieCD
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • CD+G (CD+Graphics) codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
    • VLC (decoder only)
  • CD+EG (CD+Extended Graphics) codec

Network video codecs

Códecs de vídeo para captura de pantalla

Códecs de vídeo Bayer/RAW comprimido

  • CinemaDNG (creado por Adobe; utilizado en cámaras Blackmagic )
  • Redcode RAW (utilizado en cámaras RED ) – una versión modificada de JPEG 2000 [ 91 ]
    • código libre
  • ArriRaw (utilizado en cámaras Arri )
  • Cineform RAW (utilizado en cámaras Silicon Imaging )
    • CineForm-SDK
  • Blackmagic RAW (utilizado en cámaras Blackmagic )
    • SDK RAW de Blackmagic
  • Cintel RAW (utilizado en Cintel Scanner [ 92 ] )
    • FFmpeg (solo decodificador)
  • Apple ProRes RAW
    • FFmpeg (solo decodificador) [ 93 ]
  • intoPIX TICO RAW [ 94 ]
    • intoPIX fastTICO-RAW SDK y bibliotecas TICO-RAW FPGA/ASIC [ 95 ]
  • Canon CRX - utilizada en la película Canon Cinema Raw Light
    • Plugin Canon RAW para Avid Media Access
    • LibRaw (solo decodificador; código abierto)
  • Sony X-OCN

Juegos de vídeo

Real-time

  • RivaTuner video codec (RTV1/RTV2)
    • FFmpeg (RTV1 decoder only)
  • Hap/Hap Alpha/Hap Q
    • VIDVOX hap codec
    • FFmpeg
  • DXV Codec
    • Resolume DXV Codec
    • FFmpeg
  • NotchLC
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC)
  • VESA Display Compression-M (VDC-M)

Point cloud compression formats

  • MPEG-I
    • Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC; MPEG-I Part 5)
    • Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC; MPEG-I Part 9; ISO/IEC CD 23090-9)
    • Enhanced G-PCC (MPEG-I Part 38; ISO/IEC CD 23090-38)

Polygonal mesh compression formats

  • MPEG-4
    • 3D Mesh Compression (3DMC) in MPEG-4 Visual, Version 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-2)[98]
    • 3D Mesh Compression Extension (3DMCe; MPEG-4 Part 16 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) Amendment 1)
    • Frame-based Animated Mesh Compression (FAMC; MPEG-4 Part 16 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) Amendment 2)
    • Scalable Complexity 3D Mesh Compression (SC3DMC; MPEG-4 Part 16 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) Amendment 3)
      • Open3DGC (open source)[99]
    • Pattern-based 3D mesh coding (PB3DMC; MPEG-4 Part 16 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) Amendment 4)
  • Alliance for Open Media (VVM Working Group)
    • Polygonal Mesh Coding (PMC; under-development)
  • Sun Microsystems
  • Google
  • meshopt (KHR_meshopt_compression in glTF)
    • meshoptimizer (open source)

See also

References

  1. ^FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Version 1.1.2Library of Congress
  2. ^"About lossless audio in Apple Music". 25 October 2021.
  3. ^"BFDLAC: A Fast lossless Audio Compression Algorithm For Drum Sounds"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
  4. ^Matsui, Emiko (2023-09-19). "Huawei L2HC 3.0 delivers 1.5Mbps lossless sound quality, 4X faster than Apple's AAC". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
  5. ^"Lossless Audio Homepage". www.lossless-audio.com.
  6. ^Shorten Lossless Audio Compression Format (SHN), Version 3.5.1Library of Congress
  7. ^"RK Audio - Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase". wiki.hydrogenaud.io.
  8. ^FFmpeg 7.1 Released With VVC Decoder Promoted To Stable, Vulkan H.264/H.265 Encode. Phoronix. 30 September 2024.
  9. ^IPMR Speech Codec - draft-spiritdsp-ipmr-01.txt IETF
  10. ^TeamSpirit Voice&Video Engine PC. Spirit DSP
  11. ^WavTokenizer: A Breakthrough Acoustic Codec Model Redefining Audio Compression. Marktechpost Media. September 3, 2024
  12. ^ abc3GPP (2008-12-11) 3GPP TS 26.173 - AMR-WB speech Codec; version 8.0.0 Release 8, retrieved 2009-09-09
  13. ^Release of sbc-1.1, BlueZ Project, April 30, 2013
  14. ^PulseAudio 15 Released With Bluetooth Improvements, Better Hardware Support. Phoronix. July 28, 2021
  15. ^PipeWire: Bluetooth support status update. Collabora. April 29, 2022
  16. ^ abIntegration of the aptX and aptX-HD codecs for A2DP source, Android Open Source Project, January 4, 2017
  17. ^The contribution of LDAC encoder, Android Open Source Project, January 10, 2017
  18. ^"What is LHDC". hwa-audio. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  19. ^"What is LLAC™?". LHDC org.
  20. ^"hdc-encoder". GitHub.
  21. ^Speex Audio Codec, Version 1.2Library of Congress
  22. ^ abcdefFinding voice codecs for free software. Linux.com. October 14, 2005
  23. ^SILK Speech Codec - draft-vos-silk-02 IETF
  24. ^Constrained-Energy Lapped Transform (CELT) Codec - draft-valin-celt-codec-02 IETF
  25. ^WhatsApp adds new features to the calling experience, including support for 32-person video calls. TechCrunch. June 13, 2024
  26. ^"DSP Group Unveils Total Telephony Solutions(TM) For Digital Cordless Telephony Applications". Archived from the original on August 23, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
  27. ^RadioShack Digital Recorder OWNER'S MANUAL p.38. RadioShack. 2002.
  28. ^HyperHyde Operation Manual. p.40. I-O DATA. 2000.
  29. ^ abWhisper it: FFmpeg 8 can now subtitle your videos on the fly. The Register. August 28, 2025
  30. ^3GPP (2008-12-11) 3GPP TS 26.073 - AMR speech Codec; version 8.0.0 Release 8, retrieved 2009-09-08.
  31. ^3GPP (2008-12-18) 3GPP TS 26.273 - AMR-WB+ speech Codec; version 8.0.0 Release 8, retrieved 2009-09-09
  32. ^3GPP TS 26.443. Codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS); ANSI C code (floating-point).
  33. ^INFORMATION COLLECTION SURVEY FOR THE MEGA MANILA SUBWAY PROJECT IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESJapan International Cooperation Agency September, 2015
  34. ^東北上越新幹線デジタル列車 無線システムの開発(in Japanese)East Japan Railway Company 2003
  35. ^Obranovich, Charles R.; Golusky, John M.; Preuss, Robert D.; Fabbri, Darren R.; Cruthirds, Daniel R.; Aylward, Erin M.; Freebersyser, James A.; Kolek, Stephen R. (2010). "300 BPS noise robust vocoder". 2010 - Milcom 2010 Military Communications Conference. pp. 298–303. doi:10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680311. ISBN 978-1-4244-8178-1. S2CID 8991597.
  36. ^Actimagine allège le multimédia sur les terminaux portables(in French), IT Industrie & Technologies, June 25, 2004
  37. ^ abcdeAudioCompressionFormat, Unity Technologies
  38. ^Audio Clip, Unity Technologies
  39. ^Differences Between Windows and Xbox 360, Microsoft
  40. ^【ひらブラ vol.37】音数を諦めず／音質を妥協せず／負荷を極小にする方法（iOS&Android）(in Japanese), Kadokawa Dwango, September 26, 2014
  41. ^FMOD Studio 1.06 and FMOD at GDC expo program announced, Gamasutra, February 17, 2015
  42. ^Faster professional 10-bit video conversions. Open Broadcast Systems
  43. ^"Lossless". x265.readthedocs.io.
  44. ^"HEVC Decoding". x265.
  45. ^"FFmpeg Now Supports HEVC/H.265 Decoding". phoronix.
  46. ^"Encode/H.265". FFmpeg.
  47. ^Niedermayer, Michael; Rice, Dave; Martinez, Jérôme (August 2021). "rfc9043 - FFV1 Video Coding Format Version 0, 1, and 3". datatracker.ietf.org.
  48. ^"Lossless Codec Libraries". multimedia.cx.
  49. ^"FFmpeg: libavcodec/flashsv.c File Reference". ffmpeg.org.
  50. ^"FRAPS show fps, record video game movies, screen capture software". www.fraps.com.
  51. ^"Lagarith Lossless Video Codec". lags.leetcode.net.
  52. ^"LOCO - MultimediaWiki". wiki.multimedia.cx.
  53. ^"MagicYUV – Lossless video codec".
  54. ^"ScreenPressor by Infognition - lossless video codec for screen capture". infognition.com.
  55. ^"Downloads". TechSmith. Archived from the original on 2011-10-22. Retrieved 2011-07-14.
  56. ^"#534 (Ut Video Support) – FFmpeg". ffmpeg.org.
  57. ^"Ut Video Codec Suite - a new lossless video codec for Windows! [Archive] - Doom9's Forum". doom9.org.
  58. ^"VBLE - MultimediaWiki". wiki.multimedia.cx.
  59. ^"The WebM Project - VP8 Encode Parameter Guide". webmproject.org.
  60. ^Medoff, Norman; Fink, Edward J. (September 10, 2012). Portable Video: ENG & EFP. CRC Press. p. 221. ISBN 9781136047701.
  61. ^Samuelsson, J. and P. Hermansson (July 2, 2018). "The xvc video codec". datatracker.ietf.org.
  62. ^Fuldseth, Arild; Bjontegaard, Gisle; Midtskogen, Steinar; Davies, Thomas; Zanaty, Mo (October 31, 2016). "Thor Video Codec". tools.ietf.org.
  63. ^"Live demonstration". Forbidden.
  64. ^Indeo Video Codec, Version 3Library of Congress
  65. ^Indeo Video Codec, Version 5Library of Congress
  66. ^Sorenson Video Codec, Version 3Library of Congress
  67. ^What Is AI Video Compression?. MASV. January 5, 2023
  68. ^Streamers look to AI to crack the codec code. International Broadcasting Convention. 25 June 2024
  69. ^Intel Ignite Selects Startups for Spring ’23 Cohorts. Intel
  70. ^ abcScalable Video Coding (SVC) Extension for WebRTC - 4. Operational model, World Wide Web Consortium, September 26, 2020
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  72. ^"M-JPEG2000 Codec". Montpellier, France: Morgan Multimedia. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  73. ^"dcpPlayer". Montpellier, France: Morgan Multimedia. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  74. ^"FastTICO-XS Codec". Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium: intoPIX.
  75. ^FFmpeg-cvslog - mpeg4video: Add support for MPEG-4 Simple Studio Profile., FFmpeg Project, April 2, 2018
  76. ^FFmpeg Adds Support For Animated JPEG-XL, Phoronix, June 8, 2023
  77. ^"RFC 9924 - Advanced Professional Video". datatracker.ietf.org. February 2026.
  78. ^NewTek Codec Notes NewTek
  79. ^NVENC Video Encoder API Programming Guide - MultiView Video Coding in HEVC (MV-HEVC) NVIDIA
  80. ^Achievement, Audio Video Coding Standard Workgroup of China
  81. ^FFmpeg-cvslog - avcodec: add IMM4 decoder, FFmpeg Project, August 21, 2018
  82. ^FFmpeg-cvslog - avcodec: add IMM5 decoder, FFmpeg Project, August 29, 2019
  83. ^CinepakLibrary of Congress
  84. ^SunVideo Plus for PCI User's Guide - Audio Video Conferencing. Oracle
  85. ^vic: Change History. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  86. ^Remote Desktop Protocol: RemoteFX Codec Extension. Microsoft
  87. ^ abSurvey of Virtual Desktop Infrastructure System draft-ma-appsawg-vdi-survey-00. IETF. May 13, 2011
  88. ^Remote Desktop Protocol: NSCodec Extension. Microsoft
  89. ^"VMware Video". multimedia.cx.
  90. ^ abVMware VMnc AVI video codec image height heap overflow. Carnegie Mellon University
  91. ^libredcode
  92. ^Cintel Scanner p.35. Blackmagic Design. May, 2020.
  93. ^FFmpeg 8.0 Released With OpenAI Whisper Filter, Many Vulkan Video Improvements. Phoronix. August 22, 2025
  94. ^intoPIX Tico Raw is a format with a huge potential
  95. ^intoPIX Tico Raw
  96. ^独自コーデックを搭載したニンテンドーDS版Sofdec(in Japanese) CRI Middleware, May 11, 2006
  97. ^CRI・ミドルウェア、ゲーム開発者向けブログ「CRIチャンネル」を開設(in Japanese) Impress Watch Corporation, April 19, 2007
  98. ^Fernando C. N. Pereira, Touradj Ebrahimi. "The MPEG-4 Book". p.421. Prentice Hall. 2002. ISBN 978-0130616210
  99. ^COLLADA/glTF BOF - SIGGRAPH 2013. p. 22 Khronos Group. 2013
  100. ^Java 3D API Specification - Appendix B - 3D Geometry Compression Oracle
  101. ^HoloWeb - A Proposal for VRML II. p."12-101" Sun Microsystems. February 4, 1996
  102. ^Khronos Announces glTF Geometry Compression Extension Using Google Draco Technology. Khronos Group. February 15, 2018
  103. ^Google and Pixar add Draco Compression to Universal Scene Description (USD) Format. Google. November 25, 2019
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