Vicio

Un escuadrón antivicio, también llamado unidad antivicio o escuadrón de moralidad , es generalmente, aunque no siempre, una división policial cuyo objetivo es reprimir o suprimir los delitos morales. Si bien lo que la sociedad considera o acepta como delito moral varía considerablemente según las leyes o costumbres locales entre naciones, países o estados, suele incluir actividades como el juego , el narcotráfico , la prostitución y la pornografía . ^{[ 7 ] [ 8 ]}

En la tradición Sarvastivadina del budismo , hay 108 impurezas o vicios que están prohibidos. Estos se subdividen en 10 ataduras y 98 inclinaciones. ^{[ 9 ]} Las 10 ataduras son las siguientes: ^{[ 9 ]}

• Ausencia de vergüenza
• Ausencia de vergüenza
• Celos
• Parsimonia (en el sentido de tacañería)
• Remordimiento
• Modorra
• Distracción
• Letargo
• Enojo
• Ocultación de actos ilícitos

Evitar el vicio es un tema importante en la ética judía , especialmente dentro de la literatura musar .

Los cristianos creen que hay dos tipos de vicio:

• Vicios que provienen del organismo físico como instintos, que pueden volverse perversos (como la lujuria).
• Vicios que provienen de la falsa idolatría en el ámbito espiritual.

The first kind of vice, though sinful, is believed less serious than the second. Vices recognized as spiritual by Christians include blasphemy (holiness betrayed), apostasy (faith betrayed), despair (hope betrayed), hatred (love betrayed), and indifference (scripturally, a "hardened heart"). Christian theologians have reasoned that the most destructive vice equates to a certain type of pride or the complete idolatry of the self. It is argued that through this vice, which is essentially competitive, all the worst evils come into being. In Christian theology, it originally led to the Fall of Man, and, as a purely diabolical spiritual vice, it outweighs anything else often condemned by the Church.

El poeta Dante Alighieri enumeró los siguientes siete vicios mortales , asociándolos estructuralmente ^{[ 13 ]} como fallas en la capacidad inherente del alma para la bondad, hecha a imagen divina pero pervertida por la Caída:

1. Orgullo o vanidad : un amor excesivo a uno mismo (que sitúa al yo fuera de su lugar apropiado con respecto a Dios o a los demás; la definición de Dante era "amor propio pervertido en odio y desprecio por el prójimo"). En las listas latinas de los Siete Pecados Capitales , el orgullo se denomina superbia .
2. Envy or jealousy: resentment of others for their possessions (Dante: "love of one's own good perverted to a desire to deprive other men of theirs"). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, envy is referred to as invidia.
3. Wrath or anger: feelings of hatred, revenge or denial, as well as punitive desires outside of justice (Dante's description was "love of justice perverted to revenge and spite"). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, wrath is referred to as ira, which primitive vices tempt astray by increasingly perverting the proper purpose of charity, directing it inwards, leading to a disordered navel-gazing preoccupation with personal goods in isolation absent proper harmonious relations leading to violent disruption of balance with others.
4. Sloth or laziness: idleness and wastefulness of time or other allotted resources. Laziness is condemned because it results in others having to work harder; also, useful work will not be done. Sloth is referred to in Latin as accidie or acedia, which vice tempts a self-aware soul to be too easily satisfied, thwarting charity's purpose as insufficiently perceptible within the soul itself or abjectly indifferent in relationship with the needs of others and their satisfaction, an escalation in evil, more odious than the passion of hate
5. Avarice (covetousness, greed): a desire to possess more than one has need or use for (or according to Dante, "excessive love of money and power"). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, avarice is referred to as avaritia.
6. Gluttony: overindulgence in food, drink or intoxicants, or misplaced desire of food as a pleasure for its sensuality ("excessive love of pleasure" was Dante's rendering). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, gluttony is referred to as gula.
7. Lust: excessive sexual desire. Dante's criterion was that "lust detracts from true love". In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, lust is referred to as luxuria, which vices tempt cultivated souls in their ability to direct charity's proper purpose to good things or actions, by indulging excess. Thus in Dante's estimation, the soul's detachment from sensual appetites become the vices most difficult to tame, urges not as easily curbed by mere good manners since inflamed via appropriate use rather than inappropriate misuse. Hence conventional respect for the ninth and tenth commandments against coveting and social customs that encourage custody of the eyes and ears become prudent adjuncts to training against vice.

The first three terraces of purgatory expiate the sins which can be considered to arise from love perverted, that is, sins which arise from the heart of the sinner being set upon something which is wrong in the eyes of God. Those being purged here must have their love set upon the right path. The fourth terrace of purgatory expiates the sins which can be considered to arise from love defective, that is, love which, although directed towards the correct subjects is too weak to drive the sinner to act as they should. Those being purged here must have their love strengthened so as to drive them correctly. The fifth, sixth, and seventh terraces of purgatory expiate the sins which can be considered to arise from love excessive, that is, love which although directed towards ends which God considers good is directed towards them too much for the sinner to gain bliss from them, and also so that the sinner is distracted from the love of other things of which God approves. Their love must be cooled to a more sensible level.

The Qur'an and many other Islamic religious writings provide prohibitions against acts that are seen as immoral.

Ibn abi Dunya, a 9th-century scholar and tutor to the caliphs, described 6 censures (prohibitions against vices) in his writings:^[14]

• Ire
• Envy
• Slander
• Obscenity
• Intoxicants
• Instruments of pleasure

Although not strictly a religion but a Hellenistic philosophy, Epicurean ethics prescribes a therapeutic approach to the vices with the goal of attaining a life of pleasure with the aid of the virtues. Most of the techniques used in Epicureanism involve challenging false beliefs and attaining beliefs that are aligned with nature. In this, Epicureanism posits an entirely naturalistic, non-religious theory of virtue and vice based on the rational pursuit of pleasure.^[15]