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Broadcom

[[Hock Tan]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])"},"industry":{"wt":"{{ubl|[[Semiconductor industry|Semiconductor]]|[[Computer softwa...

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Broadcom Inc. es una multinacional estadounidense dedicada al diseño, desarrollo, fabricación y suministro global de una amplia gama de productos de semiconductores y software de infraestructura. La oferta de productos de Broadcom atiende a los mercados de centros de datos, redes, software, banda ancha, comunicaciones inalámbricas, almacenamiento e industria. En 2026, Broadcom era una de las mayores empresas a nivel mundial . [ 4 ]

En diciembre de 2024, Broadcom se convirtió en la duodécima empresa en superar una capitalización de mercado de 1 billón de dólares . [ 5 ] En abril de 2026, Broadcom superó una capitalización de mercado de 2 billones de dólares, convirtiéndose en la sexta empresa en la historia en lograrlo . [ 6 ] A partir de 2025, aproximadamente el 58 % de los ingresos de Broadcom provenían de sus productos basados ​​en semiconductores y el 42 % de sus productos y servicios de software de infraestructura. [ 1 ] : 40

Tan Hock Eng es el presidente y director ejecutivo de la empresa . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] La empresa tiene su sede en Palo Alto, California . [ 9 ] Avago Technologies Limited cambió su nombre a Broadcom para adquirir Broadcom Corporation en enero de 2016. El símbolo bursátil de Avago, AVGO, ahora representa a la entidad fusionada. El símbolo bursátil de Broadcom Corporation, BRCM, fue retirado. Inicialmente, la entidad fusionada era conocida como Broadcom Limited , antes de adoptar el nombre actual en noviembre de 2017.

En octubre de 2019, la Unión Europea emitió una orden antimonopolio provisional contra Broadcom en relación con prácticas comerciales anticompetitivas que presuntamente violan la legislación de competencia de la Unión Europea . [ 10 ]

En mayo de 2022, Broadcom anunció un acuerdo para adquirir VMware en una transacción en efectivo y acciones valorada en 69  mil millones de dólares. La adquisición se cerró el 22 de noviembre de 2023. [ 11 ]

Historia

Origen en Hewlett-Packard

La empresa que más tarde se convertiría en Broadcom Inc. se estableció en 1961 como HP Associates , una división de productos semiconductores de Hewlett-Packard . [ 12 ]

La división se separó de Hewlett-Packard como parte de la escisión de Agilent Technologies en 1999. [ 13 ] [ 14 ]

Formación de Avago Technologies

Logotipo de Avago Technologies

KKR and Silver Lake Partners acquired the Semiconductor Products Group of Agilent Technologies in 2005 for $2.6 billion and formed Avago Technologies.[13] Avago Technologies agreed to sell its I/O solutions unit to PMC-Sierra for $42.5 million in October 2005.[15]

In August 2008, the company filed an initial public offering of $400 million.[16][17] In October 2008, Avago Technologies acquired Infineon Technologies' Munich-based bulk acoustic wave business for €21.5 million.[18]

On 6 August 2009, Avago Technologies went public on NASDAQ with the ticker symbol AVGO.[14][19]

Avago chip inside an iPhone 5s

Avago Technologies announced its agreement to acquire CyOptics, an optical chip and component supplier, for $400 million in April 2013.[20][21] The acquisition aimed to expand Avago Technologies' fiber optics product portfolio.[21] In October 2013, Avago Technologies invested $5 million in Amantys, a power electronics technology provider, as part of a strategic investment agreement between the two companies.[22]

Avago Technologies announced its agreement to acquire LSI Corporation in December 2013 for $6.6 billion.[13][23][19][24][25] The acquisition helped move Avago Technologies away from specialized products and towards a more mainstream industry, which included chips, especially storage for data centers.[25]

The company sold its SSD controller business to Seagate Technology in May 2014.[26] In August 2014, the company was the ninth-largest semiconductor company.[27] Avago Technologies agreed to sell LSI's Axxia Networking business to Intel for $650 million.[14][28] The company also agreed to buy PLX Technology, an integrated circuits designer, for $309 million.[29] In February 2015, it was announced that Avago Technologies Limited had reached an agreement to acquire Emulex Corporation for $8 per share in cash.

Acquisition of and change of name to Broadcom Limited

Broadcom facility in Bangalore, India, as seen in 2019

On 28 May 2015, Avago announced that it would buy Broadcom Corporation[30] for $37 billion ($17 billion cash and $20 billion in shares).[31] Avago was the nominal survivor, but the combined company would be named Broadcom Ltd. It would have annual revenue of $15 billion and a market value of $77 billion.[32] Broadcom Corp. strengthened Avago Technologies' patent position significantly in sectors such as mobile, the data center, and the Internet of Things and made the company the ninth largest holder of patents among the top semiconductor vendors, according to an analysis by technology consulting firm LexInnova.[33]

In May 2016, Cypress Semiconductor announced that it acquired Broadcom Corporation's full portfolio of IoT products for $550 million. Under the deal, Cypress acquired Broadcom's IoT products and intellectual property for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Zigbee connectivity, as well as Broadcom's WICED platform and SDK for developers. The deal combined Broadcom's developer tools and connectivity technologies for IoT devices with Cypress' own programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) products that provide memory, computing and graphics processing for low-power devices.[34]

Foreign investment reviews and change of name to Broadcom Inc.

In 2016, Broadcom proposed merging with Brocade Communications Systems. The acquisition proposal included a $5.5 billion price and was offered in cash.[35] It was delayed for review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. On 2 November 2017, Broadcom announced it would relocate its legal address from Singapore to Delaware, which would avoid the review.[36] This action was linked to the parent company being renamed from Broadcom Limited to Broadcom Inc.[37] The pre-2016-merger Broadcom, Broadcom Corporation, remains a wholly owned subsidiary of the renamed parent Broadcom Inc.

In mid-November 2017, Broadcom proposed to purchase Qualcomm for US$130 billion, which was rebuffed by Qualcomm's board.[38] The proposed hostile takeover, which was later revised to $117 billion, was blocked by the Trump administration by an executive order that cited national security concerns.[39][40][41][42] Specifically, the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States expressed concerns. Broadcom, then headquartered in Singapore, was considered too close to China and chipmaker Huawei.[43][44] "A shift to Chinese dominance in 5G would have substantial negative national security consequences for the United States," CFIUS said. "While the United States remains dominant in the standards-setting space currently, China would likely compete robustly to fill any void left by Qualcomm as a result of this hostile takeover."[44] However, critics of the move stated that the decision was motivated by competitiveness more than security concerns.[40] Broadcom withdrew its takeover bid two days after the executive order.[42] Observers have stated that President Trump's decision was as consistent with the balance of trade objectives as it was with security concerns.[40]

Move into software

Históricamente una empresa centrada exclusivamente en semiconductores, [ 45 ] el fracaso de la oferta de Qualcomm llevó a Broadcom y a su director ejecutivo a considerar la adquisición de software de infraestructura como una forma alternativa de crecer. [ 46 ] El 11 de julio de 2018, los medios informaron que Broadcom y CA Technologies acordaron los términos para una adquisición de 18.900 millones de dólares. [ 45 ] CA Technologies, anteriormente conocida como Computer Associates, era un gigante de larga trayectoria en software para mainframes que había expandido su oferta al software para computación en la nube . [ 47 ] Y el 5 de noviembre de 2018, Broadcom anunció que había completado la adquisición de CA Technologies. [ 48 ]

El 9 de agosto de 2019, Broadcom adquirió el negocio de seguridad empresarial de Symantec Corporation (cuya división de software para consumidores ahora se conoce como Gen Digital ) por 10.700 millones de dólares en efectivo. [ 49 ] El acuerdo continuó la incursión de Broadcom en el software crítico para la infraestructura corporativa. [ 46 ] Y el 4 de noviembre de 2019, Broadcom anunció que había completado la adquisición del negocio, así como del nombre y la marca Symantec. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] [ 54 ]

En 2019, Broadcom fue la quinta acción con mejor rendimiento de la década de 2010, con una rentabilidad total del 1956 %. [ 55 ]

Investigaciones sobre prácticas anticompetitivas

En enero de 2018, se informó que la FTC había estado investigando a Broadcom durante varios meses por emplear tácticas anticompetitivas al negociar con sus clientes. [ 56 ] En 2021, Broadcom acordó resolver la demanda antimonopolio, en la que la Comisión Federal de Comercio de EE. UU. alegó que la empresa abusó de su poder monopólico mediante cláusulas contractuales restrictivas y amenazas de represalias contra los clientes que consideraba "desleales". [ 57 ]

En octubre de 2019, la Comisión Europea ordenó a Broadcom que cesara las supuestas prácticas anticompetitivas. [ 10 ] En 2021, Broadcom acordó resolver la denuncia antimonopolio que alegaba que había abusado de su poder monopólico mediante cláusulas contractuales restrictivas y amenazas de represalias contra los clientes que no las cumplían. [ 57 ] Se alega que dichas cláusulas contractuales frenan la innovación y perjudican la competencia en el mercado global de suministro. [ 58 ] La comisaria europea de Competencia, Margrethe Vestager, afirmó que las cláusulas contractuales de Broadcom con seis de sus principales clientes «crearían un daño grave e irreversible a la competencia» si no se tomaban medidas. [ 59 ] La empresa se comprometió a suspender los acuerdos que contuvieran cláusulas de exclusividad o cuasi-exclusividad y a no celebrar dichos acuerdos durante siete años. [ 60 ]

Tras la adquisición de VMware por 69.000 millones de dólares en 2023, Broadcom se enfrentó a un renovado escrutinio regulatorio europeo por la concesión de licencias de productos VMware. [ 61 ] En marzo de 2026, el grupo comercial Proveedores de Servicios de Infraestructura en la Nube en Europa (CISPE) presentó una queja formal ante la Comisión Europea , alegando que la concesión de licencias de productos VMware por parte de Broadcom a proveedores de servicios en la nube infringía las normas antimonopolio de la UE y solicitando medidas cautelares para detener el cierre del programa de proveedores de servicios en la nube de VMware. CISPE alegó que, desde la adquisición, los precios se habían multiplicado por diez, exigiendo el pago por adelantado y ofreciendo paquetes de productos independientemente de las necesidades del cliente. La Comisión Europea confirmó que estaba evaluando la queja. Broadcom negó las acusaciones, afirmando que CISPE era "una organización financiada por hiperescaladores, que tergiversa la realidad del mercado". [ 62 ]

Demandas por patentes

En 2017, Broadcom presentó demandas por infracción de patentes contra fabricantes de televisores inteligentes. La Comisión de Comercio Internacional de Estados Unidos falló a favor de los fabricantes de televisores inteligentes. [ 63 ]

In 2020, Broadcom sued Netflix over multiple patent infringements.[63] Critics have argued that Broadcom is suing Netflix for being more successful,[64] citing the declining number of traditional pay television subscribers due to the rise of streaming services.[65] The Leichtman Research Group calculated that the largest pay TV providers in the U.S. – representing about 95% of the market – lost about 4,915,000 net video subscribers in 2019.[65] Regular customers each pay $231 a year for their boxes, totaling almost $20 billion per year in profit for the cable industry.[64]

2020s

Broadcom office in Cambridge Science Park, April 2011.

On January 7, 2020, Accenture PLC agreed to acquire Symantec's 300-person cybersecurity services division from Broadcom.[66] In February 2020, Broadcom announced the world's first WiFi 6E client device, the BCM4389.[67] In early 2020, Raspberry Pi Inc. revealed that their new boards would have a Broadcom BCM2711 chip.

In May 2022, Broadcom announced its deal to acquire the virtualization and cloud computing software vendor VMware for $61 billion in a combination of cash and stock, with Broadcom assuming $8 billion in VMware debt.[68][69][70][46] In November 2022, the UK's Competition and Markets Authority regulator announced it would investigate whether the Broadcom Inc. acquisition of VMware Inc. would "result in a substantial lessening of competition within any market or markets in the United Kingdom for goods or services".[71][72] The European Commission also said it was investigating the proposed acquisition, and as a result, Broadcom and VMware extended the planned completion date out to May 26, 2023.[73] On May 19, 2023, as both UK and EU regulators had yet to complete their investigations, the completion date was formally extended[74] to August 26, 2023, and was later further extended to as late as November 26, 2023.[75]

On November 21, 2023, Broadcom Inc. announced its plan to finalize the $69 billion acquisition of VMware Inc. on the following Wednesday. This acquisition, one of the largest in the technology sector, received global regulatory scrutiny, including from China, which approved the deal with specific conditions. These conditions require VMware's server software to be compatible with local hardware and not restrict customers to using Broadcom's hardware products. Despite concerns over rising China-U.S. tensions, the approval from China, which was the last regulatory hurdle, allowed the deal to proceed.[76] The transaction closed on November 22, 2023.[77] On completion, CEO Hock Tan announced that the company would relocate its headquarters in San Jose to the VMware campus in Palo Alto, California.[78][79] In February 2024, Broadcom sold the end-user computing division, which it inherited from the VMware acquisition, to KKR for $4 billion.[80]

Corporate affairs

Finances

For the fiscal year 2023, Broadcom reported earnings of US$14.08 billion, with an annual revenue of US$35.8 billion, an increase of 7.8% over the previous fiscal cycle.

Ownership

The 10 largest shareholders of Broadcom in early 2024 were:[96]

Productos

Broadcom comercializa una gama de aplicaciones de software para semiconductores e infraestructura que dan servicio a los mercados de centros de datos (mainframes), redes, software, banda ancha, comunicaciones inalámbricas, almacenamiento e industria. Entre las aplicaciones más comunes de sus productos se incluyen: redes para centros de datos, conectividad doméstica, acceso a banda ancha, equipos de telecomunicaciones, teléfonos inteligentes, estaciones base, servidores y almacenamiento para centros de datos, automatización industrial, generación de energía y sistemas de energías alternativas, pantallas, operaciones y gestión de mainframes, y desarrollo de software de aplicación.

Las tecnologías centrales y los productos estrella de Broadcom incluyen dispositivos de red, tecnologías ópticas, controladores de interfaz de red y almacenamiento de datos. [ 97 ]

Una tarjeta Wi-Fi mini PCIe Apple AirPort Extreme que utiliza un chip Broadcom.

Los proveedores han incluido tarjetas de red Broadcom en sus productos. Por ejemplo, algunos servidores blade Dell PowerEdge cuentan con adaptadores de puerto Ethernet con tecnología Broadcom como tarjeta adicional. [ 98 ] Otros proveedores, como Apple , Hewlett Packard Enterprise y Raspberry Pi, también utilizan tarjetas de red Broadcom.

Un sistema en un chip de Broadcom en una Raspberry Pi.

Vulnerabilidades en la pila WiFi del SoC

En abril de 2017, el Proyecto Zero de Google investigó la pila WiFi del SoC de Broadcom y descubrió que carecía de "todas las medidas básicas de mitigación de vulnerabilidades, incluidas las cookies de pila, la desvinculación segura y la protección de permisos de acceso", lo que permitía "el control total del dispositivo solo por proximidad Wi-Fi, sin necesidad de interacción del usuario". [ 99 ] Numerosos teléfonos inteligentes, como los de Apple, Samsung y Google, se vieron afectados. [ 100 ] [ 101 ] [ 102 ]

Jericó2

Jericho2 es un chip conmutador Ethernet programable que tiene hastaCapacidad de conmutación de 10 Tbit/s  por dispositivo. [ 103 ]

Tomahawk 3

La serie Tomahawk 3 admite conmutación y enrutamiento de alta densidad, basados ​​en estándares, de 400 GbE, 200 GbE y 100 GbE para redes de nube hiperescalables. Broadcom reveló que está lanzando al mercado dos variantes del Tomahawk-3. La primera puede proporcionar hasta12.8 Tbit/s total chip bandwidth and contains 256 integrated SerDes, supporting 32 ports at 400 Gbit/s, 64 ports at 200 Gbit/s, and 128 ports at 100 Gbit/s. The second variant of the Tomahawk-3 has 160 of the 256 SerDes available and delivers 8 Tbit/s of aggregate bandwidth. Broadcom is suggesting 80 ports at 100 Gbit/s; or 48 ports at 100 Gbit/s plus either 8 ports at 400 Gbit/s or 16 ports at 200 Gbit/s; or 96 ports at 50 Gbit/s plus either 8 ports at 400 Gbit/s or 16 ports at 200 Gbit/s.[104] The Tomahawk 4 reached a speed of 25.6 Tbit/s while the Tomahawk 5 has a maximum speed of 51.2 Tbit/s.[105]

Software

Broadcom has expanded from its original hardware base and also offers enterprise software products.[106]

Symantec Enterprise Security

Broadcom operates its enterprise security business under the Symantec brand. It purchased the suite of enterprise security products from Symantec Corporation in 2019, after which Symantec Corporation changed its name to NortonLifeLock.[107]

BizOps technology

Broadcom also offers products for supporting BizOps, including:[108]

  • Clarity – product portfolio management
  • Rally – agile development
  • Blaze CT – Shift-left testing[109]
  • DX Operational Intelligence – AIOps
  • Agile Requirements Designer – model-based testing optimization of processes

XPU

Broadcom uses the term XPU to refer to custom ASIC chips developed in collaboration with major hyperscale clients—such as Google, Meta Platforms and ByteDance—that are tailored for specialized AI workloads.[110][111]

Broadcom ha codesarrollado los chips Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) de Google traduciendo la arquitectura y las especificaciones de Google a silicio fabricable, proporcionando tecnologías propietarias como las interfaces SerDes de alta velocidad, supervisando el diseño ASIC y gestionando la fabricación y el empaquetado de chips a través de fundiciones de terceros como TSMC , cubriendo todas las generaciones desde el inicio del programa. [ 112 ] [ 113 ] [ 114 ] De manera similar, los chips Training and Inference Accelerator (MTIA) de Meta, presentados por primera vez en 2023, fueron codesarrollados por Broadcom. [ 115 ] En 2024, Broadcom comenzó a colaborar con OpenAI para codesarrollar un chip de inferencia personalizado, como parte de un esfuerzo por diversificar más allá de la dependencia de las GPU de Nvidia en medio de la creciente demanda. [ 116 ]

Referencias

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  83. ↑ "Informe Anual 2012" .
  84. ↑ "Informe Anual 2013" .
  85. ↑ "Informe Anual 2014" .
  86. ↑ "Informe Anual 2015" .
  87. ↑ "Informe Anual 2016" .
  88. ↑ "Informe Anual 2017" .
  89. ↑ "Informe Anual 2018" .
  90. ↑ "Informe Anual 2019" .
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  92. ↑ "Informe anual de Broadcom 2021" .
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