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PARRY

PARRY was an early example of a chatbot , implemented in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby . History PARRY was written in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby , then at Stanford ...

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PARRY was an early example of a chatbot, implemented in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby.

History

PARRY was written in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby, then at Stanford University.[1] While ELIZA was a simulation of a Rogerian therapist, PARRY attempted to simulate a person with paranoid schizophrenia.[1] The program implemented a crude model of the behavior of a person with paranoid schizophrenia based on concepts, conceptualizations, and beliefs (judgements about conceptualizations: accept, reject, neutral). It also embodied a conversational strategy, and as such was a much more serious and advanced program than ELIZA. It was described as "ELIZA with attitude".[2]

PARRY was tested in the early 1970s using a variation of the Turing Test. A group of experienced psychiatrists analysed a combination of real patients and computers running PARRY through teleprinters. Another group of 33 psychiatrists were shown transcripts of the conversations. The two groups were then asked to identify which of the "patients" were human and which were computer programs.[3] The psychiatrists were able to make the correct identification only 48 percent of the time — a figure consistent with random guessing.[4]

PARRY and ELIZA (also known as "the Doctor"[5]) interacted several times.[1][6][7] The most famous of these exchanges occurred at the ICCC 1972, where PARRY and ELIZA were hooked up over ARPANET and responded to each other.[7]

See also

Notes and references

  1. 123Güven Güzeldere; Stefano Franchi (1995-07-24). "dialogues with colorful personalities of early ai". Stanford Humanities Review, SEHR, volume 4, issue 2: Constructions of the Mind. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 2014-06-28. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  2. ↑Boden 2006, p. 370.
  3. ↑Colby et al. 1972, p. 220.
  4. ↑ Saygin; Cicekli; Akman (2000), "Turing Test: 50 years later" (PDF) , Minds and Machines , 10 (4): 463–518 , doi : 10.1023/A:1011288000451 , hdl : 11693/24987 , S2CID 990084 
  5. ↑ Alan J. Sondheim. "<nettime> Documentos importantes de los inicios de Internet (1972)" . nettime.org. Archivado del original el 13 de junio de 2008. Consultado el 18 de febrero de 2008 .– La transcripción del documento de 1972 muestra los programas DOCTOR (un programa tipo Eliza) en Bolt Beranek y Newman y PARRY en el Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial de Stanford.
  6. ↑ V. Cerf (21 de enero de 1972). PARRY se encuentra con el DOCTOR . IETF . doi : 10.17487/RFC0439 . RFC 439 .– Transcripción de una sesión entre Parry y Eliza. (Este no es el diálogo del ICCC, que tuvo lugar del 24 al 26 de octubre de 1972, mientras que esta sesión es del 18 de septiembre de 1972).
  7. 1 2 "Museo de Historia de la Computación – Exposiciones – Historia de Internet – Década de 1970" . Museo de Historia de la Computación . Consultado el 18 de febrero de 2008 .

Fuentes

  • Boden, Margaret A. (2006), La mente como máquina: una historia de la ciencia cognitiva , Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0-19-924144-6
  • Colby, KM; Hilf, FD; Weber, S.; Kraemer, H. (1972), "Pruebas de indistinguibilidad tipo Turing para la validación de una simulación por computadora de procesos paranoides", Inteligencia Artificial , 3 : 199–221 , doi : 10.1016/0004-3702(72)90049-5
  • Código fuente de Parry . El código LISP original de Parry.