The CW Network, LLC [9] [10] (comúnmente conocida como CW o simplemente CW ) es una cadena de televisión comercial estadounidense controlada por Nexstar Media Group a través de una participación accionaria del 75 por ciento. El nombre de la cadena se deriva de las primeras letras de los nombres de sus dos copropietarios fundadores CBS Corporation y Warner Bros. , y CBS Corporation se fusionó con la segunda iteración de Viacom para formar ViacomCBS y Warner Bros. es propiedad de Time Warner, más tarde WarnerMedia de AT&T . Nexstar cerró su adquisición de una participación mayoritaria en la cadena el 3 de octubre de 2022, y Paramount Global y Warner Bros. Discovery (los respectivos sucesores de CBS Corporation y WarnerMedia) conservaron cada uno una participación accionaria del 12,5 por ciento. [1] [2] [11]
The CW debutó el 18 de septiembre de 2006, como sucesor de UPN y WB , que habían cerrado respectivamente el 15 y el 17 de septiembre de ese año. Las dos primeras noches de programación de The CW, el 18 de septiembre de 2006 y el 19 de septiembre de 2006, consistieron en repeticiones y especiales relacionados con el lanzamiento . The CW marcó su fecha de lanzamiento formal el 20 de septiembre de 2006, con el estreno de dos horas del séptimo ciclo de America's Next Top Model . La programación de la cadena está destinada a atraer principalmente a los espectadores entre las edades de 18 y 34 años, aunque de 2008 a 2011, la cadena cambió su programación para atraer a las mujeres en ese grupo demográfico. [12] A partir de agosto de 2017, la audiencia de la cadena estaba dividida equitativamente entre hombres y mujeres. [13]
The CW transmite programación siete días a la semana: se transmite todas las noches en el horario de máxima audiencia, junto con un bloque de programación educativa de acción en vivo los sábados por la mañana producido por Hearst Media Production Group llamado One Magnificent Morning .
CW también está disponible en el sur de Canadá en proveedores de televisión de pago a través de estaciones propiedad de Nexstar y operadas por ella y en afiliadas propiedad de otros que se encuentran cerca de la frontera entre Canadá y Estados Unidos (cuyas transmisiones de programas de CW están sujetas a leyes de sustitución simultánea impuestas por la Comisión Canadiense de Radio, Televisión y Telecomunicaciones , si una red canadiense tiene los derechos de transmisión); también está disponible a través de dos estaciones controladas por Nexstar que están clasificadas en los Estados Unidos como superestaciones : la estación insignia de facto [a] con sede en la ciudad de Nueva York, WPIX, y la estación insignia secundaria con sede en Los Ángeles, KTLA .
Además, la red está disponible en el norte de México a través de filiales ubicadas cerca de la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos (como KFMB-DT2 — San Diego / Tijuana , KECY-DT3 en El Centro, California , KVIA-DT2 en El Paso y KCWT-CD con la red de transmisión simultánea KMBH-LD 2 en McAllen / Brownsville, Texas ) en proveedores de televisión de pago. Tanto en Canadá como en México , algunas señales de afiliadas de CW de señal abierta que se originan en los EE. UU. se pueden recibir por aire en las áreas fronterizas según la cobertura de la señal de la estación .
Historia
1993–2006: Predecesores y formación

Tanto WB como UPN se lanzaron con una semana de diferencia en enero de 1995, justo cuando la cadena Fox había comenzado a afianzarse entre las audiencias de la televisión estadounidense. [14] Las dos cadenas se lanzaron con una fanfarria limitada y resultados generalmente mediocres a pobres. [15] Sin embargo, durante los 11+1 ⁄ 2 temporadas, ambas pudieron emitir varias series que se volvieron bastante populares (como Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Star Trek: Voyager , The Sentinel , 7th Heaven , Dawson's Creek , Charmed , Smallville , Everwood , Gilmore Girls , Reba , The Steve Harvey Show y America's Next Top Model ). Hacia el final de su primera década en el aire, WB y UPN estaban en declive, incapaces de alcanzar la participación de audiencia o tener el efecto que Fox había ganado en su primera década, mucho menos que el de las tres grandes cadenas ( ABC , CBS y NBC ). En los once años que UPN y WB estuvieron en funcionamiento, las dos cadenas perdieron un total combinado de $ 2 mil millones. [16] Los funcionarios de Chris-Craft Industries , Viacom y Time Warner habían discutido una posible fusión de UPN y WB ya en septiembre de 1995, solo ocho meses después de sus respectivos lanzamientos; Sin embargo, las discusiones finalmente fracasaron debido a problemas sobre cómo combinar los intereses de las estaciones de Chris-Craft y Tribune Broadcasting en la propuesta de fusionar las redes, ya que las carteras de estaciones de las dos compañías se superponían entre sí en varios mercados importantes. [17] Sin embargo, en 2003, Time Warner se vio envuelta en varios problemas de deuda. La compañía ya había sido responsable del cierre del departamento de animación interno de Warner Bros. y de la venta de partes importantes del conglomerado, como la venta en 2004 de Warner Bros. Records y el resto de Warner Music Group a un grupo de inversores liderado por Edgar Bronfman Jr. y Thomas H. Lee Partners .
Los ejecutivos de CBS y Time Warner anunciaron el 24 de enero de 2006 que cerrarían respectivamente UPN y WB, y combinarían recursos para formar una nueva cadena de transmisión, que se conocería como CW Television Network. [18] Confirmaron que la cadena, desde el principio, presentaría programación de sus dos predecesoras, así como nuevo contenido desarrollado específicamente para la nueva cadena. [19] [20] Warners y CBS esperaban producir programas económicos para la cadena, que podrían vender fuera de los EE. UU. [21] Luego, el presidente de CBS, Les Moonves, explicó que el nombre de la nueva cadena se formó a partir de las primeras letras de CBS y Warner Bros, bromeando: "No podíamos llamarla WC por razones obvias". [22] [23] Aunque, según se informa, a algunos ejecutivos no les gustaba el nuevo nombre, Moonves declaró en marzo de 2006 que había "cero posibilidades" de que el nombre cambiara, citando una investigación que afirmaba que el 48 por ciento del grupo demográfico objetivo ya conocía el nombre "CW". [24]
En mayo de 2006, CW anunció que retomaría trece programas combinados de sus dos predecesores para emitirlos como parte de la programación inaugural de otoño de la cadena: siete series retenidas de WB ( 7th Heaven , Beauty and the Geek , Gilmore Girls , One Tree Hill , Reba , Smallville y Supernatural ) y seis retenidas de UPN ( America's Next Top Model , Veronica Mars , Everybody Hates Chris , Girlfriends , All of Us y WWE SmackDown! ). Tras el lanzamiento de la cadena, CW decidió utilizar el modelo de programación utilizado por WB debido en parte al hecho de que tenía una programación base más extensa que UPN, lo que permitía un total mayor de horas de programación semanal para que la nueva cadena las llenara. (WB transmitía 30 horas de programación cada semana porque tenía un bloque de programas para niños y una programación diurna que UPN no ofrecía; UPN era principalmente una cadena que transmitía únicamente en horario de máxima audiencia con 10 horas semanales de programación de la cadena en el momento del cierre de la cadena). [25]
2006–2011: Lanzamiento y primeras dificultades

Al igual que UPN y WB, CW dirige su programación a un público más joven. CBS y Time Warner esperaban que la combinación de las programaciones de sus cadenas y las alineaciones de sus afiliados fortalecería a CW y la convertiría en una quinta cadena de televisión "importante". Una semana antes del lanzamiento oficial de la cadena, el 11 de septiembre de 2006, se lanzó una nueva versión completa del sitio web de la cadena, que comenzó a ofrecer información más detallada sobre los programas de CW.
The CW se lanzó con un especial de estreno / fiesta de lanzamiento de Entertainment Tonight producido por CBS Paramount en Warner Bros. Studios en Burbank, California el 18 de septiembre de 2006, después de una repetición del final de la décima temporada de 7th Heaven , [26] el mismo horario se repitió el 19 de septiembre de 2006, con el final de la sexta temporada de Gilmore Girls . [27] La cadena continuó transmitiendo finales de temporada de la temporada anterior durante el resto de la primera semana, a excepción de America's Next Top Model y WWE SmackDown!, que comenzaron respectivamente sus nuevas temporadas el 20 de septiembre de 2006 y el 22 de septiembre de 2006, con estrenos de dos horas. Cuando Top Model se estrenó en la cadena el 20 de septiembre de 2006, CW obtuvo una calificación de 3.4/5 share (con calificaciones por hora de 3.1/5 y 3.6/6, CW se ubicó en quinto lugar en general) en las calificaciones de hogares de Nielsen . Obtuvo una calificación de 2.6 entre los adultos de 18 a 49 años, terminando cuarto en ese grupo demográfico de edad y superando la calificación de 2.2 obtenida por Fox esa noche. La segunda semana de la cadena consistió en estrenos de temporada y series para todas sus otras series desde el 25 de septiembre de 2006 hasta el 1 de octubre de 2006, con la excepción de Veronica Mars , que debutó su tercera temporada el 3 de octubre de 2006. [28]
A pesar de tener varios de los programas más populares transferidos de UPN y WB como parte de su programación, CW, aunque experimentó cierto éxito con programas más nuevos que se lanzaron en temporadas posteriores que se convirtieron en éxitos modestos, luchó en gran medida para ganar un punto de apoyo de audiencia durante sus primeros cinco años en el aire. [29] Debido a la disminución de la audiencia de la cadena durante la temporada 2007-08 y los efectos de la huelga del Writers Guild of America , la cadena anunció el 4 de marzo de 2008 que eliminaría su departamento de comedia (despidiendo a la vicepresidenta ejecutiva de comedia Kim Fleary y al vicepresidente sénior de comedia Steve Veisel), al mismo tiempo que combinaba sus departamentos de drama y programación actual en una sola unidad de programación con guion. La reestructuración corporativa resultó en el despido de aproximadamente 25 a 30 empleados. [30] [31] También incluyó la eliminación de ciertos puestos, otros puestos recién abiertos que quedaron vacantes y despidos de la unidad Kids' WB , ya que el bloque iba a ser reemplazado por CW4Kids . [32]
El 9 de mayo de 2008, The CW anunció que arrendaría su programación dominical (que en ese momento se transmitía de 5:00 p. m. a 10:00 p. m. , hora del este y del Pacífico ) [33] [34] a la productora Media Rights Capital (MRC). Como los domingos han sido históricamente una noche de baja audiencia para la cadena durante sus primeras dos temporadas en el aire (debido a la dura competencia de las sólidas programaciones dominicales de CBS, ABC y Fox, y complicada aún más por la adquisición de Sunday Night Football por parte de NBC en septiembre de 2006, poco antes del debut de The CW), la medida le permitió a The CW concentrarse en su programación de horario estelar de lunes a viernes, al tiempo que le daba a MRC el derecho de desarrollar y programar programas de su propia elección y cosechar los ingresos publicitarios generados por la programación. Las series dominicales que estaban programadas (dos reality shows ( 4Real y In Harm's Way ) y dos series con guion (la comedia dramática romántica Valentine y el drama Easy Money )) tuvieron un mal desempeño en los índices de audiencia (con un promedio de solo 1,04 millones de espectadores), [35] lo que llevó a CW a desechar su acuerdo con MRC y programar las noches de los domingos por su cuenta a partir del 30 de noviembre de 2008. Sin una programación de estreno disponible para emitir los domingos como respaldo, la cadena agregó repeticiones de The Drew Carey Show y Jericho , y películas para reemplazar los programas producidos por MRC. [36]
Uno de los programas que se transfirió a la cadena desde UPN, WWE SmackDown , terminó su transmisión en CW después del episodio del 26 de septiembre de 2008 debido a que las negociaciones entre la WWE y CW para renovar el programa estaban por terminar. Los representantes de CW confirmaron más tarde que habían decidido no seguir transmitiendo SmackDown porque la cadena había redefinido su audiencia objetivo como exclusivamente mujeres de entre 18 y 34 años, [16] mientras que SmackDown apuntaba a una audiencia predominantemente masculina. Después del traslado de SmackDown a MyNetworkTV esa misma temporada, la cadena propiedad de Fox (que se lanzó el mismo mes que el debut de CW, aunque dos semanas antes, el 5 de septiembre de 2006) comenzó a superar a CW en los índices de audiencia de los viernes todas las semanas desde el debut de ese programa en la cadena, aunque CW continuó superando a MyNetworkTV en general. [37]
En general, The CW tuvo problemas en los índices de audiencia de Nielsen desde su inicio, principalmente ubicándose en el quinto lugar en todas las estadísticas tabuladas por Nielsen (audiencia total y índices demográficos). En varias ocasiones, CW incluso fue superada por la cadena en español Univision . Esto llevó a especulaciones dentro de la industria (incluido un artículo del 16 de mayo de 2008 en The Wall Street Journal ) [16] de que CBS, Time Warner o ambas compañías podrían abandonar la empresa si los índices de audiencia no mejoraban. Sin embargo, la suerte de CW se vio impulsada en las temporadas de televisión 2008-09 y 2009-10 gracias al aumento de los índices de audiencia entre las mujeres en el grupo demográfico de 18 a 34 años y el revuelo que algunas de sus series más nuevas (como Gossip Girl , 90210 y The Vampire Diaries ) habían generado entre las audiencias. Los ejecutivos de CBS Corporation y Time Warner también enfatizaron su compromiso con la cadena. [38]
El 5 de mayo de 2009, CW anunció que devolvería las cinco horas de emisión de los domingos a sus estaciones afiliadas ese otoño, convirtiéndose efectivamente en una cadena que emitía sólo durante la semana en horario de máxima audiencia, además de los bloques CW Daytime y CW4Kids (el último bloque, que se emitiría los sábados por la mañana, seguiría siendo la única programación de fin de semana suministrada por la cadena). [39] [40] Este cambio significó que el bloque de repetición de los domingos por la tarde que CW heredó de WB (anteriormente denominado por esa cadena como "EasyView") se suspendió. Posteriormente, a mediados de mayo, el 65 por ciento de las afiliadas de CW, incluidas las que transmitían CW Plus, firmaron acuerdos para emitir el paquete de películas MGM Showcase de reemplazo los domingos. [41]
2011–2016: Nuevo liderazgo y cambio de contenido
El 28 de abril de 2011, Mark Pedowitz fue designado por la cadena para suceder a la presidenta original de entretenimiento Dawn Ostroff ; Pedowitz fue nombrado el primer presidente de la cadena y asumió responsabilidades más amplias en las operaciones comerciales de CW que Ostroff. [42] Como presidente de entretenimiento, Ostroff supervisó las operaciones de entretenimiento mientras que John Maatta, el director de operaciones de la cadena, manejó los asuntos comerciales; ambos reportaron a una junta compuesta por ejecutivos de CBS y Warner Bros. Maatta comenzó a reportar a Pedowitz como resultado del nombramiento de este último como presidente de la cadena. [42] Pedowitz reveló que el objetivo demográfico principal de la cadena no cambiaría, aunque CW intentaría atraer nuevos espectadores. Pedowitz comenzó a buscar traer comedias de regreso a CW después de que Ostroff declarara públicamente que la dificultad de desarrollar comedias para su grupo demográfico objetivo fue la razón de su eliminación de la cadena después de la temporada 2008-09 (con Everybody Hates Chris y The Game , un spin-off de Girlfriends , convirtiéndose en las últimas comedias en ser canceladas). [43] La cadena también ordenó más episodios de su serie original y los emitió consecutivamente a partir del 12 de septiembre hasta la primera semana de diciembre sin repeticiones. [44] En julio de 2012, Pedowitz ya no se refirió al grupo demográfico objetivo de CW como mujeres de 18 a 34 años, sino que ahora sería una "cadena para adultos de 18 a 34 años". [45]
Aunque la cadena todavía no era rentable, CBS y Warner Bros. tuvieron mucho éxito en la venta de sus programas de CW en el extranjero. En 2011, un acuerdo de mil millones de dólares con el servicio de transmisión Netflix se convirtió en otra forma de vender programas de CW. [21] La introducción de la serie de acción y superhéroes Arrow , basada en Green Arrow de DC Comics , recibió críticas favorables de los críticos y se convirtió en un éxito entre el público cuando se estrenó. Como evidencia del reenfoque de la cadena hacia una audiencia más amplia, Arrow no solo se estrenó con algunos de los totales de audiencia más altos en la historia de la cadena (el tercero más alto en general a partir de 2015 , detrás de los estrenos de las series The Vampire Diaries y The Flash ), sino que también le dio a la cadena su desempeño más fuerte en el grupo demográfico de hombres de 18 a 34 años desde que Smallville terminó su carrera en mayo de 2011. La cadena también tuvo éxito con su programación de verano en 2013 con el resurgimiento de la versión estadounidense de la serie de comedia de improvisación Whose Line Is It Anyway? , que luego se convirtió en un elemento básico durante todo el año en la programación de la cadena. Arrow continuó teniendo un fuerte desempeño, lo que llevó a un spin-off con The Flash , que superó a The Vampire Diaries como el estreno de mayor audiencia en la historia de la cadena y se convirtió en el programa más visto en la cadena. Jane the Virgin obtuvo algunos de los mayores elogios de la crítica de cualquier serie durante la temporada de televisión 2014-15, y se convirtió en la primera serie de CW en ser nominada y ganar un Globo de Oro , con la actriz principal Gina Rodríguez ganando el Globo de Oro a Mejor Actriz - Serie de Televisión Musical o Comedia . Otros programas de CW como The Flash , The 100 y Nikita también serían nominados para las categorías de los Premios Primetime Emmy , y varios programas de 2011 a 2019 fueron nominados para categorías en los Teen Choice Awards , Saturn Awards y otros. [update]
En general, la cadena terminó la temporada 2014-15 registrando su audiencia total promedio más alta en una sola temporada de televisión desde 2007-08 con 2,15 millones de espectadores, un aumento del 12 por ciento en la audiencia total año tras año; CW también registró sus calificaciones demográficas estacionales más altas entre los hombres de 18 a 49 años con una participación de 0,8. [46]
Ampliando el éxito de la franquicia Arrowverse de la cadena, DC's Legends of Tomorrow se estrenó con altos índices de audiencia para la cadena y se convirtió en el programa más visto en el bloque de los jueves por la noche de la cadena en dos años. La temporada 2015-16 también vio a Crazy Ex-Girlfriend convertirse en uno de los programas más aclamados por la crítica de la temporada y el segundo programa de la cadena en ser nominado y ganar un Globo de Oro, con la actriz Rachel Bloom ganando un Globo de Oro a Mejor Actriz - Serie de Televisión Musical o Comedia .
2016–2021: acuerdos de la era del streaming
El Arrowverse de la cadena se expandió nuevamente con el traslado de Supergirl a la cadena desde CBS para su segunda temporada. El debut de Riverdale , basada en Archie Comics, marcó la incursión de la cadena en la explotación de la biblioteca de IP de su estudio matriz para crear nuevas series de televisión basadas en propiedades reconocibles. Esto condujo a otra nueva serie de DC Comics, Black Lightning , y una nueva versión de Dynasty . Si bien tuvo bajos índices de audiencia, Dynasty resultó lucrativa gracias al acuerdo de salida de Netflix y la sindicación internacional [47] que le valió a CBS Studios millones de dólares por episodio. [21]
La venta de series de CW como Dynasty a Netflix y mercados extranjeros fue tan rentable para Warner Bros. y CBS que la cadena casi dejó de cancelar programas y amplió su programación de transmisión. [21] El 14 de febrero de 2018, CW anunció que agregaría un bloque de horario estelar de 2 horas los domingos por la noche a partir del cuarto trimestre de 2018 (luego agregó una tercera hora en octubre de 2023), devolviendo la cadena a los domingos por primera vez desde que el contrato de arrendamiento a Media Rights Capital terminó en 2009, además de expandir la programación de horario estelar de CW de 10 horas semanales a 12. Las discusiones con CBS y Warner Bros. sobre la expansión comenzaron ya en julio de 2017; ambos dieron su aprobación a la medida en diciembre, y la cadena alcanzó acuerdos de autorización con socios afiliados clave a principios de 2018. [48] [49]
El 12 de junio de 2018, AT&T recibió la aprobación antimonopolio para adquirir Time Warner, la empresa matriz de Warner Bros., y la adquisición se cerró dos días después. Time Warner pasó a llamarse WarnerMedia y AT&T se convirtió en copropietaria de CW junto con CBS. [50] [51]
The CW estrenó reinicios de Charmed , Roswell y el spin-off de Originals , Legacies, durante la temporada 2018-19. A pesar de los índices de audiencia modestos, sus renovaciones, junto con la renovación de toda la alineación 2018-19 (sin las series que ya se anunció previamente que terminarían), reflejaron su valor para los copropietarios fundadores de la cadena, CBS y Warner Bros., que recibieron la ganancia inesperada de venderlas a Netflix y compradores internacionales. [52] Esta estrategia continuó con los debuts de la temporada 2019-20 de la nueva serie Arrowverse Batwoman , el spin-off de Riverdale Katy Keene y Nancy Drew .
El 13 de agosto de 2019, CBS y Viacom anunciaron oficialmente su intención de volver a fusionarse , y la empresa combinada se llamaría ViacomCBS . La fusión se completó el 4 de diciembre de 2019, lo que los convirtió oficialmente en copropietarios de CW junto con WarnerMedia de AT&T. [53] [54] [55] [56]
WarnerMedia y ViacomCBS no renovaron el acuerdo de CW con Netflix en 2019, con la intención de usar sus programas en la red para sus propios servicios de transmisión. [21] [57] Las ventas internacionales también terminaron en su mayoría, porque ambas compañías querían conservar los derechos de sus propios programas para competir con Netflix fuera de los Estados Unidos. [21] El servicio de transmisión HBO Max de WarnerMedia posteriormente adquirió los derechos de transmisión exclusivos de los programas de CW producidos por Warner Bros. [58] Esto comenzó con la temporada 2019-20, con Batwoman y Katy Keene producidas por Warner Bros. debutando en HBO Max después de que sus temporadas actuales terminaran de transmitirse en CW. Nancy Drew , producida por CBS Studios, se anunció originalmente que se dirigiría a CBS All Access, propiedad de la corporación hermana, pero apareció en HBO Max. La razón de esto fue que, en medio del cambio de marca de CBS All Access a Paramount+ y los cambios en torno a la fusión con ViacomCBS, CBS y Warner Bros. tomaron la decisión colectiva de que todos los programas de CW tuvieran un hogar de transmisión singular en HBO Max. [59]
Además de ser el hogar de transmisión de la programación de CW, HBO Max comparte una conexión de copropiedad con la red que permite asociaciones de programación. Esto comenzó con la serie de DC Comics Stargirl , que CW compartió con DC Universe . DC Universe y CW cofinanciaron la serie, [59] con episodios que se estrenaron en DC Universe y se emitieron al día siguiente en CW. Después de que DC Universe se fusionara con HBO Max, Stargirl se renovó con un nuevo acuerdo de cofinanciamiento en el que CW recibe transmisiones de primera ejecución seguidas de su lanzamiento en HBO Max. [60] En el futuro, CW y HBO Max continuarán colaborando en la posible cofinanciación de nuevos proyectos, con el modelo de estreno primero en HBO Max y una segunda ejecución en CW. [61] "Ellos también tienen que querer creativamente el programa y creer que el programa debe ir primero a su plataforma para que funcione", dijo el director ejecutivo de CW, Pedowitz. "Para nosotros es un gran modelo porque es una forma de obtener una excelente programación con guion de verano y maximizar la programación en todas las plataformas". [59]
El 13 de mayo de 2021, The CW anunció que comenzaría a programar los sábados por la noche de manera regular a partir de la temporada de televisión 2021-22, luego de que los grupos afiliados clave de la cadena aprobaran la expansión. [62] Como parte del acuerdo, The CW dejó de programar el bloque CW Daytime y devolvió el tiempo a sus estaciones. Con la incorporación de los sábados por la noche, The CW tiene programación todas las noches de la semana por primera vez en la historia de la cadena, convirtiéndose en la sexta cadena de transmisión comercial estadounidense en idioma inglés y la primera desde Fox en ofrecer contenido en horario de máxima audiencia todas las noches. [63]
2022: Adquisición por parte de Nexstar
El 5 de enero de 2022, The Wall Street Journal informó que WarnerMedia y ViacomCBS estaban explorando una posible venta de una participación mayoritaria o de la totalidad de CW, y que Nexstar Media Group , que se convirtió en el grupo afiliado más grande de CW cuando adquirió al ex copropietario de la red de la era WB, Tribune Broadcasting, en 2019, fue considerado un postor líder. [64] El presidente y director ejecutivo de la red, Mark Pedowitz, confirmó las conversaciones sobre una posible venta, pero agregó que era "demasiado pronto para especular sobre lo que podría suceder". [65] [66] El director ejecutivo de Nexstar, Perry Sook, en la primavera de 2022, no confirmó la compra rumoreada, pero declaró que no le sorprendería que Nexstar fuera dueño de una red de transmisión. [67]
En mayo de 2022, tres meses antes de que Nexstar hiciera oficial su compra, CW canceló diez programas, tres veces el número promedio por año que CW había cancelado durante la década anterior, incluidos los programas de una temporada 4400 y Naomi , [68] [69] y programas de larga data como Dynasty , [70] Legends of Tomorrow , [71] [72] Roswell, New Mexico , [73] y Legacies . [21] Se cancelaron más programas o se les dio órdenes de temporada final en los meses siguientes, incluidos Nancy Drew , [74] Stargirl , [75] The Flash, [76] y Riverdale . [77] [78]
A fines de junio de 2022, The Wall Street Journal indicó que una compra de CW por parte de Nexstar estaba cerca, [79] y el 15 de agosto Nexstar confirmó que había "firmado un acuerdo definitivo" para adquirir una participación mayoritaria del 75 por ciento en la red; [1] el 25 por ciento restante sería compartido a partes iguales por Paramount Global (la antigua ViacomCBS) y Warner Bros. Discovery (la empresa formada por la adquisición de WarnerMedia por parte de Discovery, Inc. de AT&T). Además, Nexstar declaró que Mark Pedowitz seguiría siendo el presidente y director ejecutivo de CW. [80] Aunque no se anunciaron términos monetarios, Nexstar supuestamente no pagaría efectivo ni acciones por adelantado y absorbería aproximadamente $ 100 millones de deuda de la red. [81] [82] The Hollywood Reporter declaró que Nexstar retuvo $ 54 millones en función de su efectivo disponible, cuentas por cobrar , cuentas por pagar y otros pasivos . [83] Como la venta no implicó la transferencia de ninguna licencia de transmisión de la FCC , Nexstar tomó inmediatamente el control operativo de la red. [84]
Nexstar, en una conferencia telefónica que tuvo lugar el día en que se anunció su compra, indicó su deseo de operar CW de manera consciente de los costos. Citando una investigación que indicaba que la cadena gasta "casi el doble" de lo que otras cadenas de transmisión gastan en programación, una razón parcial para las cancelaciones de mayo de 2022, [21] Nexstar declaró que planeaba buscar programas con presupuestos de producción más pequeños y/o una tarifa de adquisición a un precio razonable, incluyendo contenido sin guion, contenido sindicado y otro contenido que pueda generar ganancias a través de transmisiones por televisión. [81] Nexstar también declaró que su objetivo era que CW generara ganancias para 2025. [85] [65]
En la conferencia telefónica, Nexstar indicó que quería convertir a CW en una cadena con un amplio atractivo. Citó datos que indicaban que la audiencia joven en la que se centraba CW prefería ver sus programas a través de plataformas de streaming en lugar de durante las transmisiones en vivo, mientras que la audiencia promedio de una filial de transmisión de CW tenía aproximadamente 58 años. [81] Nexstar indicó que también se centraría en las audiencias de mayor edad y no solo en el grupo demográfico más joven. [80] [85] [86] En particular, se informó que Nexstar había estado buscando dramas orientados a personas mayores, procedimientos policiales y comedias de situación. [87]
Paramount Global y Warner Bros. Discovery seguirían produciendo contenido para CW como proveedores principales de contenido, aunque Nexstar señaló que el acuerdo sería principalmente para la temporada de transmisión 2022-23 . Indicó que "tendrá la opción de extender la asociación" con Paramount y WBD más allá de esa temporada. [81] [88] Nexstar declaró en septiembre de 2022 que buscaría complementar el contenido de CW adquiriendo proyectos de estudios más allá de Paramount y WBD únicamente. [89] mientras que cualquier contenido de CW que no esté licenciado a otros servicios de transmisión continuaría apareciendo en su propia plataforma de transmisión CW Seed. [21]
El 3 de octubre, Nexstar anunció oficialmente que había cerrado el trato para adquirir la propiedad mayoritaria de CW. Mark Pedowitz, presidente y director ejecutivo de larga data, renunció a su cargo y Dennis Miller asumió el cargo de presidente de CW. [90] [91] Rick Haskins, director de marca de CW y presidente de la división de transmisión de la cadena, así como el director financiero Mitch Nedick fueron despedidos el mismo día. [92] Entre treinta y cuarenta empleados fueron despedidos el 1 de noviembre, incluidos varios ejecutivos. [93] El ejecutivo de larga data Paul Hewitt fue reemplazado por Beth Feldman como vicepresidenta sénior de la unidad de comunicaciones de la cadena. [94] Al día siguiente, Brad Schwartz fue designado presidente de la división de entretenimiento, supervisando la estrategia de programación, el desarrollo creativo y de marca y las operaciones diarias. [5]
El 8 de noviembre, Nexstar anunció que la programación remanente de las antiguas empresas matrices mayoritarias de CW, Paramount y WBD, sería mínima para la temporada 2023-24. [95]
2023-presente: Enfoque en el lineal y los deportes
El 1 de febrero de 2023, The CW nombró a Heather Olander como directora de programación sin guion, [6] un puesto bajo el cual reporta a Schwartz. [96] En un cambio de rumbo hacia la programación con guion, también despidió al vicepresidente ejecutivo de programación actual Michael Roberts y a la vicepresidenta ejecutiva de desarrollo Gaye Hirsch, entre otros despidos al día siguiente. [97] [98] The CW nombró a Chris Spadaccini como director de marketing el 6 de febrero, [99] [100] y a Tom Martin como director de asuntos comerciales y asesor general el 9 de febrero de 2023. [101] [102] Más tarde nombró a Betzy Slenzak como vicepresidenta de programación sin guion el 30 de marzo y a Ashley Hovey como la primera directora digital de la cadena el 11 de abril de 2023. [103] [104]
El 18 de mayo de 2023, The CW dio a conocer su calendario para la temporada de transmisión 2023-24 , que consiste principalmente en programas adquiridos de fuera de los Estados Unidos y series sin guion. [105] Schwartz criticó a los copropietarios anteriores de la cadena, afirmando que ya no existiría para beneficiarlos, y que los programas que quedaron de los regímenes anteriores no funcionaron bien en la transmisión lineal. Agregó que para lograr rentabilidad, CW se estaba enfocando en programas adquiridos y coproducciones mientras expandía su audiencia. [106] También reveló que la cadena estaba en producción o negociaciones para un total de 72 programas. [107] CW Sports se lanzó al adquirir los derechos de LIV Golf [108] y pronto se expandió al adquirir juegos de fútbol americano y baloncesto universitarios de ACC [109] y Inside the NFL en 2023, [110] y emitirá la NASCAR Xfinity Series a partir de septiembre de 2024 [b] y WWE NXT el mes siguiente. [113]
En agosto de 2023, Schwartz declaró que la cadena estaba involucrada en muchos programas con guion producidos en Estados Unidos y que se centraría en obtener derechos de monetización sobre cualquier contenido con guion que transmita, mientras produce programas a un precio rentable. También afirmó que estaban utilizando la programación deportiva para atraer audiencias nuevas y antiguas. [114] El director ejecutivo de Nexstar, Perry Sook, declaró más tarde que, más allá de causar el retraso de cuatro programas con guion, las huelgas de 2023 del Writers Guild of America y SAG-AFTRA no tuvieron mucho impacto en la programación de otoño de CW, y agregó que no afectarían el progreso futuro de la cadena. [115]
En enero de 2024, durante la 29.ª edición de los Critics' Choice Awards , The CW lanzó una nueva identidad de marca a cargo de DixonBaxi, que actualizó el logotipo con una apariencia más atrevida, cambió el color principal de la cadena de verde a rojo anaranjado e introdujo un nuevo dispositivo de "escenario" utilizado en promociones (formado al extender las letras C del logotipo), así como una nueva marca registrada de sonido de una cerilla encendida . Spadaccini explicó que el cambio de marca tenía como objetivo ayudar a que la marca de la cadena fuera más consistente y optimizada para las plataformas digitales; la palabra "The" se eliminó del logotipo para simplificar su apariencia (especialmente en casos de uso como "CW Original" o "CW Sports"). Spadaccini dijo que el nombre y la marca verbal de la cadena seguirían siendo "The CW". [116]
The CW dio a conocer su calendario de otoño para la temporada de transmisión 2024-25 en mayo de 2024, con una programación que consiste en series con guion coproducidas, programas de juegos, series sin guion y una expansión de CW Sports. [117] Tres de sus cuatro series con guion anteriores a Nexstar restantes, Superman & Lois , All American: Homecoming y Walker , están programadas para concluir dentro del año, [118] [119] [120] dejando a All American como la única serie heredada restante renovada por la cadena para continuar más allá de la temporada actual. [121] Miller y Schwartz revelaron que la cadena planeaba emitir sus propias películas de televisión más adelante en 2024, y Miller agregó que planeaban hacer más acuerdos para la programación deportiva. Mientras tanto, las pérdidas de CW disminuyeron en $ 50 millones para el primer trimestre de 2024, en comparación con la pérdida de $ 100 millones durante el trimestre cuando Nexstar la adquirió. [122] En junio de 2024, Schwartz declaró que esperaba tener más series con guión al aire, pero su nuevo modelo financiero requería encontrar socios de producción. [123]
CW Studios se lanzó en agosto de 2024 después de que The CW retirara The Librarians: The Next Chapter de su programación de otoño y vendiera la serie a TNT . [124] The CW mantuvo una participación en la serie a través del estudio recién formado y proporcionó a la cadena la capacidad de producir contenido internamente. [124]
Programación
Programación y programación de redes
A partir del 1 de octubre de 2023, CW ofrece 18 horas de programación de red programada regularmente cada semana, a lo largo de siete días. La cadena ofrece 15 horas de programación en horario de máxima audiencia a sus estaciones propias y operadas y afiliadas, que se transmiten de 8:00 p. m. a 10:00 p. m., hora del este y del Pacífico , de lunes a sábado por la noche y de 7:00 p. m. a 10:00 p. m. (hora del este y del Pacífico) los domingos por la noche. [125] Fuera del horario de máxima audiencia, un bloque de programación educativa de tres horas llamado " One Magnificent Morning " (que se transmite como parte de la programación de CW a través de un acuerdo de arrendamiento de tiempo con Hearst Media Production Group ) se transmite los sábados por la mañana de 8:00 a. m. a 11:00 a. m. en todas las zonas horarias.
Al igual que Fox, junto con las cadenas precursoras WB y UPN, CW utiliza la práctica de programación de "prime común", evitando la hora de las 10:00 p. m. (hora del este y del Pacífico) transmitida por las "tres grandes" cadenas (NBC, CBS y ABC). La cadena, a diferencia de las tres grandes, no transmite ningún noticiero nacional , programación nocturna y, desde 2021, [62] programación diurna . Tampoco emitió programación en horario de máxima audiencia los sábados por la noche y durante la hora de acceso en horario de máxima audiencia los domingos hasta las temporadas de transmisión 2021-22 y 2023-24 respectivamente. [62] Debido a estos factores, las afiliadas de CW manejan la responsabilidad de programar períodos de tiempo fuera de la red, y la mayoría de sus estaciones llenan esos espacios principalmente con programación sindicada. Sin embargo, algunas de las afiliadas de la cadena transmiten sus propios programas de noticias y/o deportes locales (ya sea producidos por la propia estación o a través de acuerdos de subcontratación con una afiliada de otra cadena), reemplazando la programación del horario estelar de la cadena por un período de tiempo específico (la afiliada de la ciudad de Nueva York , WPIX , por ejemplo, reemplaza el horario estelar de CW por las horas de la tarde).
El bloque de los sábados por la mañana producido por Hearst, One Magnificent Morning (que está sujeto a variaciones de programación similares a la hora de los días laborables en algunos mercados, como Atlanta y San Diego ), está diseñado para ser grabado con retraso y, por lo tanto, se recomienda que se transmita en el mismo horario en todas las zonas horarias. Sin embargo, se transmite una hora antes en las afiliadas de CW Plus en las zonas horarias central , montañosa y de Alaska . En Guam , la afiliada de CW Plus, KTKB-LD en Hagåtña, transmite la programación de CW con un retraso de cinta de un día desde su transmisión inicial debido a la diferencia horaria entre Guam y los Estados Unidos continentales , ya que la isla está en el lado oeste de la línea internacional de cambio de fecha .
Supernatural (que se emitió inicialmente en WB) fue la última serie de CW transferida de cualquiera de los respectivos predecesores de la cadena que continuó transmitiéndose, emitiendo su episodio final en noviembre de 2020.
Anteriormente, The CW emitía segmentos cortos durante las pausas comerciales dentro de ciertos episodios de sus programas conocidos como "Content Wraps" (un juego de palabras con el nombre de la cadena) para publicitar el producto de una empresa durante parte o la totalidad de una pausa comercial, un concepto que desde entonces se clasificó bajo el término de publicidad nativa . La serie de revista de entretenimiento CW Now se inspiró en parte en el éxito de Content Wraps, ya que estaba destinada a ser una serie con colocación de productos ; [126] el programa fue cancelado en 2008, después de una sola temporada de 23 episodios. Para la temporada 2006-07, The CW llegó a un acuerdo con American Eagle Outfitters para incorporar vínculos con la línea de ropa Aerie de la compañía como parte del concepto Content Wrap dentro de la programación de los martes por la noche de la cadena, que incluía sujetos en los comerciales que comentaban puntos de la trama en cada uno de los programas. [ cita requerida ] El acuerdo se redujo a publicidad regular en febrero de 2007, después de una reacción negativa de los espectadores de ambos programas y críticas generales a la campaña. [127]
Programación de noticias
La cadena no produce contenido de noticias nacionales, pero el 6 de diciembre de 2023, CW transmitió simultáneamente la cobertura de la cadena hermana NewsNation del cuarto debate presidencial del Partido Republicano de 2024. El debate marcó el primer programa de noticias nacional emitido en la cadena bajo la propiedad de Nexstar. [128] La asociación atrajo a 4 millones de espectadores en total.
Como parte de los esfuerzos de la compañía por expandir su alcance lineal y el éxito entre la transmisión de CW y NewsNation de uno de los debates primarios del Partido Republicano, Nexstar comenzó a distribuir un programa de entrevistas matutino dominical en una colaboración entre CW, NewsNation y The Hill . El presidente de entretenimiento de CW, Brad Schwartz, dijo que el programa tendría la marca de CW y The Hill. [129] Se anunció que Chris Stirewalt presentaría un nuevo programa político dominical llamado The Hill Sunday ; el programa, que NewsNation lanzó el 3 de marzo de 2024, comenzó a transmitirse en CW el 7 de abril de 2024. [130]
La mayoría de las filiales de CW no tienen operaciones de noticias autónomas. La cadena tiene seis filiales que producen su propia programación de noticias locales, todas ellas remanentes de afiliaciones anteriores: WPIX en la ciudad de Nueva York, WGN en Chicago y KTLA en Los Ángeles comenzaron sus departamentos de noticias como estaciones independientes y/o durante las primeras afiliaciones con otras cadenas, incluidas DuMont (KTLA) y CBS (WGN); WCCB en Charlotte, Carolina del Norte , [131] comenzó su operación de noticias como una filial de Fox en 2000, y también había emitido noticieros locales cuando era una filial de ABC de 1967 a 1978; WISH-TV en Indianápolis (anteriormente CBS) [132] ha estado transmitiendo noticias locales desde 1956, y KRON-TV en San Francisco (anteriormente NBC y MyNetworkTV) ha producido noticias locales desde 1957. KTLA tiene la mayor cantidad de horas semanales dedicadas a la programación de noticias locales de cualquier filial de CW con 94+3 ⁄ 4 horas de noticias programadas cada semana.
Otras estaciones afiliadas a CW mantuvieron operaciones de noticias internas, pero desde entonces se desafiliaron de la red o descontinuaron la producción interna. Un ejemplo de esto es WGN-TV en Chicago, que mantiene un departamento de noticias desde que se lanzó como afiliada de CBS en 1948; la estación hizo la transición a un medio de noticias intensivo durante sus períodos con WB y CW, y mantuvo un formato con muchas noticias después de desafiliarse de la red durante ocho años a partir de septiembre de 2016. Otra es KCWI-TV en Des Moines, Iowa ; la estación transmite un programa matutino de noticias y entrevistas, que pasó de ser una producción interna a una extensión de marca durante el noticiero matutino Good Morning America de WOI-DT , afiliada de ABC , el 11 de abril de 2016, como resultado de la adquisición de KCWI por parte de Nexstar. [133]
La programación de noticias en las afiliadas de CW (si la estación transmite alguna) a menudo se subcontrata a otra afiliada de una red importante en el mercado, especialmente si se operan como parte de un duopolio o acuerdo de gestión , como los respectivos duopolios CW-Fox de Nexstar de KWGN-TV / KDVR en Denver y KPLR-TV / KTVI en St. Louis ; [134] y la afiliada de CW WTVW y la afiliada de ABC WEHT en Evansville, Indiana (un duopolio de facto formado a través de la compra de WEHT por parte de Nexstar en 2011 y el intercambio de WTVW al grupo asociado Mission Broadcasting ). [135] WPHL-TV en Filadelfia comenzó a producir su propio programa de noticias matutino el 9 de marzo de 2015, mientras continuaba transmitiendo un noticiero en horario estelar producido por ABC O&O WPVI-TV , que se lanzó el 15 de septiembre de 2012 (WPHL también dirigió su propio departamento de noticias como afiliado de WB desde 1996 hasta fines de 2005).
La programación de noticias en las filiales de CW a menudo refleja la de las estaciones de Fox, con noticieros matutinos (diseñados para competir con los programas matutinos nacionales de ABC, CBS y NBC dentro del horario de 7:00 a 9:00 a. m.; en duopolios, estos suelen ser una extensión del noticiero matutino de una estación hermana) y un noticiero en horario de máxima audiencia dentro del horario de 10:00 p. m. a 11:00 p. m. Este/Pacífico (9:00 p. m. a 10:00 p. m. Centro/Montaña), aunque algunos pueden transmitirse solo durante 35 minutos para coincidir con los horarios nocturnos de la red. En raras ocasiones (pero más comunes en las pocas filiales de CW de los principales mercados con departamentos de noticias internos), también pueden incluir noticieros de mediodía y/o de la tarde, incluido el horario de noticiero de la red de las 6:30 p. m. ET/5:30 p. m. CT.
Programación deportiva
The CW agreed to a three-year broadcast deal in January 2023 with LIV Golf, a professional golf tour financed by Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund, marking the first-ever national sports broadcasting contract for both the network and the tour.[108] On February 14, 2023, the network said their LIV Golf coverage would be available in 100 percent of media markets in the United States, but encountered numerous affiliates that declined carriage of the tour, including all eight owned by Paramount Global. Consequently, LIV coverage in those affected markets aired on Nexstar-owned stations or subchannels, or on other stations via secondary affiliation agreements.[136][137] Both the network and Nexstar were criticized by the National Press Club for participating in alleged sportswashing by the Saudi government following the assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi in 2018.[138]
The CW announced on July 13 that it had acquired the exclusive broadcast rights to 50 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) college football and basketball games each season through 2026–27, with Raycom Sports producing the broadcasts.[139]
On July 28, the CW announced it had picked up the media rights to the NASCAR Xfinity Series in a seven-year deal starting in 2025 and going through the 2031 season. The CW will broadcast 33 races annually, along with practice and qualifying events. NASCAR Productions will produce the broadcasts.[140] On April 11, 2024, it was announced that the deal's start was pushed up to September 2024, beginning with the 26th race of the season and regular season finale, the Food City 300.[112]
On November 7, 2023, it was announced that WWE NXT would be moving to the CW from USA Network in a five-year deal that will begin in October 2024.[141] This will mark the first time that WWE programming will air on the CW since 2013, when Saturday Morning Slam aired on the defunct Vortexx children's programming block; the CW aired SmackDown! from the network's launch to 2008.
The CW and Range Sports announced an agreement in January 2024 under which Range Sports would develop content in conjunction with Nexstar and CW Sports, in addition to assisting the CW with talent representation, brand consulting, data and analytics and provide production capabilities for scripted and unscripted programs by utilizing the resources of its parent company Range Media Partners.[142]
The CW in May 2024 gained rights for broadcasting eleven Pac-12 football games featuring Oregon State University and Washington State University football teams for the 2024 season.[143]
Outside of network programming, several CW affiliates have carried telecasts of basketball, football and in some cases, other collegiate sporting events (such as baseball or hockey) that are produced by syndicators, while a few carry games from local teams of major professional sports leagues such as Major League Baseball (the New York Mets on WPIX) and the NBA (the Los Angeles Clippers on KTLA).
Children's programming
On September 23, 2006, the Kids' WB children's programming block – which originated on the WB in September 1995 and continued to be produced by Warner Bros. Television – was carried over to the CW as part of its inaugural programming lineup; although the network on which it originated ceased operations the week before, the "Kids' WB" branding was retained for the block. On October 2, 2007, through a joint decision between corporate parents Warner Bros. Television and CBS Corporation, the CW announced that it would discontinue the Kids' WB block due to competition from cable channels aimed at the demographic such as Cartoon Network (which carried many series shared with the block and vice versa), Nickelodeon and Disney Channel, and would sell the programming rights to the network's Saturday morning block to 4Kids Entertainment (which at the time of the announcement, had produced a competing children's programming block, 4Kids TV, for Fox).[144] Kids' WB ended its run on May 17, 2008 (though some CW affiliates that delayed the block to Sundays, such as Atlanta affiliate WUPA, aired the block for the last time on May 18).
The following week on May 24, 4Kids took over responsibility for the CW's Saturday morning children's lineup, with the debut of a new block called The CW4Kids. The block's lineup initially consisted mostly of programs carried over from Kids' WB and 4KidsTV, before eventually adding first-run 4Kids-produced shows such as Chaotic as well as new seasons of Yu-Gi-Oh! and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[145] The block was rebranded to Toonzai on August 14, 2010 (though the CW4Kids name was retained as a sub-brand to fulfill branding obligations that the network had to comply with per 4Kids Entertainment's contract to lease the CW's Saturday morning timeslots); Toonzai ended its run on August 18, 2012, after 4Kids auctioned off their assets in bankruptcy court.[146]
On July 3, 2012, Saban Brands and Kidsco Media Ventures, affiliates of Saban Capital Group, entered into an agreement to program the five-hour Saturday morning time slot with a new action-adventure and comedy programming block for the CW.[147][148] Saban had acquired the agreement to program the CW's Saturday morning timeslots from 4Kids Entertainment in bankruptcy proceedings.[146] The CW4Kids/Toonzai was replaced by Vortexx on August 25, featuring programs produced by Saban such as Power Rangers Lost Galaxy and Digimon Fusion. The block also carried notable third-party programming such as WWE Saturday Morning Slam, which marked the return of WWE programming to the network since WWE Smackdown departed in 2008.[149]
On June 5, 2014, the CW announced an agreement with Litton Entertainment (now known as Hearst Media Production Group) to program a block of live-action series designed to comply with the FCC's educational programming guidelines. Vortexx (which was the last remaining non-educational children's block on the major U.S. broadcast networks) was replaced by One Magnificent Morning on October 4.[150][151] The block features a mix of wildlife and lifestyle-themed programs, similar in vein to those featured on the Litton-produced blocks aired by ABC and CBS.[152][153] On January 7, 2016, the CW and Litton announced a five-year renewal for the block, extending it through the 2020–21 broadcast season.[154] Starting with the 2017–18 broadcast season, the block's running time was reduced to three hours.[155] On July 1, 2021, the CW and Litton announced another multi-year extension for the block.[156]
Stations
The CW has 46 stations owned and/or operated by its majority owner Nexstar Media Group,[157] and current and pending affiliation agreements with 221 additional television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia and three U.S. possessions.[158][159][160][161] Counting only conventional CW affiliates and over-the-air affiliates of the CW Plus, the network has an estimated combined national reach of 100-percent of all households in the United States (or 330,866,316 Americans with at least one television set); this makes the CW the largest U.S. broadcast network by population reach percentage. As of January 2023, three U.S. states (Delaware, New Hampshire, and New Jersey) and three U.S. territories (American Samoa, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands) do not have their own locally licensed CW affiliates, largely because those areas are either located within the broadcast ranges of stations in nearby states or served by out-of-market stations via cable or satellite. Delaware is served by Philadelphia's WPHL-TV and Salisbury, Maryland affiliate WMDT-DT2, while New Hampshire is served by four CW stations based in three neighboring states (including Boston affiliate WLVI). New Jersey is served by WPHL and New York City affiliate WPIX.
As a newer broadcast network, the CW maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such as Boise, Idaho (KYUU-LD). In some markets, including both of those mentioned, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station. The CW also maintains a sizeable number of subchannel-only affiliations, the majority of which are with stations in cities located outside of the 50 largest Nielsen-designated markets and receive the network's programming via the CW Plus; the largest subchannel-only CW affiliate by market size, as of February 1, 2024, is WZTV-DT2 in Nashville, Tennessee.
Nexstar Media Group is the largest operator of CW stations by numerical total, owning or providing services to 41 CW-affiliated stations, and also is the largest in terms of overall market reach, owning or providing services to CW stations (including its largest affiliates in New York and Los Angeles), covering 32 percent of the U.S.[162]
Digital multicasting and cable television
Unlike the other major networks, the CW distributes its programming in small and certain mid-sized markets throughout the United States (generally those ranked among the bottom 110 Nielsen media markets) through the CW Plus, a separate national feed and programming service that is carried on a mixture of full-power and low-power stations in some markets, and cable-only outlets and digital subchannel affiliations on major network stations in markets that do not have enough commercial stations to support a standalone CW affiliate (several of the CW Plus's digital subchannel outlets originally operated as cable-only affiliates at the network's launch). The programming service offers its own master schedule of syndicated and brokered programming acquired by the network (including some feature films and infomercials) during non-network programming hours, although some CW Plus affiliates may also run local newscasts produced by a major network affiliate.
CW predecessor the WB previously had two cable-only affiliate outlets: WGN America, the national superstation feed of WGN-TV at the time, from January 1995 to October 1999[163][164] and network-operated the WB 100+ Station Group (the direct predecessor to the CW Plus), which was formed in September 1998 and had several of its cable-only outlets join the CW Plus at the CW network's launch. Not all of the network's cable-only affiliates were CW Plus outlets; WT05 in Toledo, Ohio offered its own schedule of syndicated programs during non-network hours that was programmed by its then-owner Block Communications, which also operates that market's major cable provider Buckeye CableSystem (WT05 now exists as "CW13", having been converted into a digital subchannel of Gray Television-owned ABC affiliate WTVG in October 2014). Though the CW is the only network with a station group that includes cable-only outlets, it is actually one of only three networks that have had cable-only stations within its affiliate body (ABC formerly had a cable-only affiliate in Winchester, Virginia-based TV3 Winchester until Gray shut the channel down in December 2013).
Affiliate issues
Problems with Time Warner Cable
Some Time Warner Cable subscribers around the country were unable to watch CW programming when the network debuted, as stations in several markets were not able to reach carriage deals with the provider to distribute the local affiliates. In markets like Charleston, South Carolina; El Paso, Texas; Honolulu, Hawaii; Palm Springs, California; Beaumont; Waco and Corpus Christi, Texas, where the CW is broadcast on a digital subchannel of one of the market's major network affiliates, there were unsuccessful attempts in getting Time Warner Cable to carry the subchannel affiliates[165] (CW then-co-parent Time Warner had owned Time Warner Cable until it spun off the provider into a separate company in 2009; TWC was later acquired by Charter Communications in 2016).
Some affiliates eventually signed carriage deals with Time Warner Cable, but not all of the CW affiliates received carriage on the provider's basic cable tiers (for example, Syracuse, New York affiliate WSTQ-LP could only be viewed on digital cable channel 266 in the Ithaca market). The largest market without a known affiliate is the Johnstown–Altoona market, whose closest CW station was CBS-owned WPCW (now known as independent station WPKD-TV) in Pittsburgh, which is carried on Charter's Johnstown and Altoona area systems; WPKD-TV was originally targeted to serve that area before it refocused its programming toward the Pittsburgh market in the late 1990s.
On February 2, 2007, Beaumont, Texas CBS station KFDM made its CW-affiliated subchannel available to Time Warner Cable customers in the market on channel 10. On April 20, 2007, ABC affiliate KVIA-TV in El Paso, Texas began broadcasting its CW-affiliated subchannel on Time Warner Cable channel 13.[166] On April 21, 2007, KCWQ-LP made its broadcast debut on channel 5 on Time Warner Cable in the Palm Springs area.[167]
Pappas Telecasting bankruptcy
One of the network's major affiliate groups, Pappas Telecasting Companies, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy for thirteen of its television stations on May 10, 2008. Within the petition, Pappas specifically cited the network's low ratings and lackluster performance as one of many complications that had forced it to make the filing.[168] Several of the stations have since been sold either in business transactions with representatives involved in Pappas's bankruptcy proceedings or via station auction processes as the company winds down operations.
Although Pappas had originally stated that none of its stations would be affected at all by the closing, two stations owned by the company that were formerly affiliated with the CW have ceased operations. On May 29, 2008, Yakima, Washington affiliate KCWK (which served the south-central portion of that state) shut down and the station's offices were closed, leaving that area without locally based CW programming and forcing pay television providers to carry Los Angeles affiliate KTLA in order to provide the network's programming to their subscribers. The situation was resolved in April 2009, when Fisher Communications announced that its CBS affiliates in the area, KIMA-TV and satellite station KEPR-TV, would carry the network through DTT subchannel affiliations.
Subsequently, WLGA in Columbus, Georgia lost its CW affiliation in April 2009 to a subchannel of NBC affiliate WLTZ because of the network's concerns about Pappas' financial state;[169] WLGA ultimately ceased operations in June 2010 as it was unable to compete in the market as an independent station.[170]
Tribune's relations with the CW
While Tribune Media had solid affiliation deals with the CW on several of its stations, it also maintained a strong affiliation alliance with Fox. But with new management and ownership taking over Tribune in 2008, it was apparent that the company would switch one of its CW-affiliated stations to Fox (at least those in markets without a Fox owned-and-operated station or a former O&O that was acquired by Local TV, which Tribune later acquired in 2013[171]), adding to more questions surrounding the CW's future. In a March 2008 seminar by Tribune's then-chairman and CEO Sam Zell, it was revealed that the company's San Diego outlet KSWB-TV would switch its affiliation from the CW to Fox that August, with KSWB assuming the Fox affiliation from XETV-TV, which had been a Fox charter affiliate since that network's October 1986 inception. XETV (which is licensed to Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico under the ownership of Grupo Televisa but whose U.S. operations are programmed by Bay City Television) was not informed of Zell's deal until it was made public.[172]
After the news broke, XETV planned on suing to prevent the switch because it would violate an affiliation contract that XETV had with Fox that was not set to expire until 2010. However, on July 2, 2008, XETV announced that it would join the CW on August 1 (the same day that KSWB became a Fox affiliate) and rebrand as "San Diego 6".[173] Though twelve of Tribune's thirteen other CW-affiliated stations have remained with the network, all of them began to de-emphasize the network from their branding (e.g., "CW 11") in favor of one with a stronger local identity. On-air branding that excised the CW name began being implemented by the stations in July 2008, either on-air (in the case of KWGN-TV) or through their websites (as part of a redesign for all of the Tribune stations' websites).[174] Some of these stations eventually began reincorporating the CW branding starting in 2011, such as KDAF/Dallas, KIAH/Houston and KRCW-TV/Portland, Oregon.
Tribune Company president and CEO Peter Liguori said in a May 2014 discussion at the MoffettNathanson Media & Communications Summit that he was "not pleased with where the CW is [in regards to its ratings performance]", stating that the network "should not program to [young] people who don't watch [conventional] television". Liguori also stated that he would consider collaborating with the network in regards to improving its programming slate, possibly by incorporating programs from the company's Tribune Studios unit (a production division which launched shortly after Liguori was appointed president of Tribune in November 2013) onto the network, as well as having Tribune play a larger role in the CW's management.[175]
Speaking at Goldman Sachs' 23rd Annual Communacopia Conference in September 2014, Les Moonves acknowledged that Tribune had been looking for more input in how the network is programmed and noted that Liguori is a former programmer (having previously served in executive roles at Fox, FX and Discovery Communications), saying that "[Liguori] would like to participate. He has some good ideas. He's part of our team. Will there be some change in how the CW is structured going forward? I don't know." Moonves went on to reiterate that Tribune is "a very important part of [CBS'] future" (considering that Tribune had recently acquired the CBS affiliation for its Indianapolis station and then-CW affiliate WTTV, following disagreements between CBS and longtime affiliate WISH-TV, which would eventually take over the CW affiliation in January 2015, over reverse compensation demands by the network).[176]
In an October 2014 interview with Broadcasting & Cable, Liguori appeared to reverse course on his previous statements and spoke of Tribune's support of the network. Liguori said in a statement, "We are very encouraged by the recent uptick in the CW['s] ratings and the positive critical response to the new primetime lineup. In particular, [CW CEO Mark Pedowitz] has put in place a programming strategy that will help the network appeal to a wider, more inclusive audience, which is important for our stations across the country. We were glad to support the launch of the new shows through editorial and promotional initiatives, and we look forward to more continued collaboration to build upon this momentum."[177]
In January 2016, the CW and Tribune began negotiations on a new affiliation deal, as the original 10-year agreement signed at the network's inception was approaching its end. Complicating matters was the desire by the CW's then-parent companies, CBS and Warner Bros., to stream the network's programming as a standalone pay OTT service. The impasse in negotiations resulted in a months-long standoff between the two groups.[178]
On May 23, 2016, the CW and Tribune announced they had come to a new affiliation agreement. As part of the deal, Tribune's Chicago flagship WGN-TV would leave the network and revert to being an independent station after nearly 21 years of being affiliated with the CW and its predecessor network, the WB. A major factor in this decision was WGN-TV's large use of local sports programming at the time, which led to many pre-emptions of the CW while WGN-TV had to move as many as 30 games a year to another local station in Chicago.[179] The CW affiliation moved to WPWR-TV, a Fox Television Stations-owned MyNetworkTV station.[180] On September 19, 2019, Tribune Media was acquired by Nexstar Media Group.[181][182][183]
Roberts Broadcasting bankruptcy
Roberts Broadcasting filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on October 7, 2011; the company cited the loss of the UPN affiliations on its stations in St. Louis (WRBU), Columbia, South Carolina (WZRB) and Jackson, Mississippi (WRBJ-TV) when that network shut down in favor of the CW in 2006, as much of UPN's programming consisted of minority-targeted programs that Roberts felt were compatible with their stations' target audiences (though the stations have since recovered from this setback; additionally, its station in Evansville, Indiana, WAZE-TV, had instead affiliated with the WB prior to 2006, as it was owned by South Central Communications until February 2007). The company had also been hit with lawsuits from Warner Bros. Television, Twentieth Television and CBS Television Distribution over its failure to pay fees for syndicated programming; Roberts eventually settled with Twentieth but lost the Warner Bros. and CBS cases.[184][185]
On March 24, 2011, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) canceled WAZE's license for Roberts' failure to construct its digital transmitter facilities.[186] However, the station continued to broadcast via its three-station analog translator network.
On February 20, 2012, Roberts Broadcasting announced that it was exploring the possibility of selling one or all four of its television stations in order to raise enough cash to pay off its creditors.[187] On October 22, 2012, Roberts announced that it had sold WRBJ to the Trinity Broadcasting Network;[188] the deal was approved by a bankruptcy court on January 17, 2013,[189] with TBN officially taking over operational control of WRBJ five months later on May 24[190] The CW would return to the Jackson market on the second digital subchannel of CBS affiliate WJTV in September 2013. On January 3, 2013, the repeater network of WAZE ceased operations; later that month on January 28, independent station WTVW hurriedly joined the CW, in order to maintain the network in the Evansville area.[191]
On December 2, 2013, Roberts filed to sell WZRB to Radiant Light Ministries, a subsidiary of Tri-State Christian Television, for $2 million.[192] On December 4, Roberts also filed to sell WRBU to TCT for $5.5 million.[193] However, on December 11, the United States bankruptcy court gave initial approval for a plan by Roberts's creditors to instead transfer WRBU, WZRB and the WAZE repeaters to a trust with Ion Media Networks (a creditor in Roberts's chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings) as its beneficiary, with Roberts' attorney subsequently stating that Ion would purchase the stations for $7.75 million.[194][195] Roberts had earlier proposed an alternate plan that would have had only the WAZE repeaters be transferred to the trust, which would have allowed the sale of WRBU and WZRB to TCT.[194] The CW affiliation in Columbia moved to WKTC (with MyNetworkTV, which the station had already been affiliated with, being relegated to a secondary affiliation) in March 2014,[196] after temporarily remaining on WZRB after its conversion into an Ion Television O&O the previous month. Ion Media later chose to wind down the ex-WAZE-TV translator network entirely and instead affiliate with Nexstar's WTVW-DT4 (itself a CW affiliate on its main channel) by 2017.
Carriage dispute with DirecTV
In July 2023, Nexstar implemented a blackout of the CW, along with its affiliates for other major broadcast networks, on DirecTV, DirecTV Stream, and U-verse TV, causing DirecTV to complain to the FCC. In return, Nexstar stated that their streaming agreement with DirecTV had expired in November 2022 and it was illegally streaming content on DirecTV Stream from the CW.[197][198][199] In August 2023, Nexstar reached a renewal agreement with Sinclair Broadcast Group for 35 markets, including restoring broadcasting of the CW on DirecTV Stream in 21 markets.[200][201] Nexstar and DirecTV signed a new multi-year agreement on September 17, 2023, allowing the latter to resume broadcasting and streaming the CW.[202]
Paramount's withdrawal and affiliation realignment
As part of the sale to Nexstar, Paramount Global's CBS News and Stations subsidiary was granted the right to withdraw its eight affiliates from the network—in Atlanta, Detroit, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Sacramento, San Francisco, Seattle and the Tampa Bay area—which was exercised on May 5, 2023, effective September 1, 2023.[203] In some of the affected markets, Nexstar-owned stations were announced as replacements.[204][205] The remainder of the affected markets were addressed through new affiliation agreements with group owners Hearst Television,[206][207] Gray Television,[208][209] The E.W. Scripps Company[210][211] and Sinclair Broadcast Group,[212] each of which already owned multiple CW affiliates. Nexstar also began reclaiming the network affiliation in other markets where it operated, including Oklahoma City;[213] Billings, Montana;[214] Grand Rapids, Michigan; Panama City, Florida; and Sioux Falls, South Dakota.[215]
The situation of the CW in the Detroit market after the CBS withdrawal was tenuous for several months. Mission Broadcasting, a company that contracts with Nexstar for the operational services of its stations, agreed to purchase WADL from Adell Broadcasting Corporation in a deal that provided for Nexstar to supply many of its operating functions. In addition, WADL became the new CW affiliate in Detroit while the deal was pending.[216][217] The acquisition stalled at the FCC over objections concerning the relationship between Mission and Nexstar. As a result, Adell Broadcasting removed CW programming from the station on October 30, 2023; the network's programs reappeared on Scripps-owned WMYD on November 13, 2023. The acquisition of WADL by Mission was called off in May 2024, despite the purchase being approved by the FCC a month prior.[218][219][220][221]
On April 19, 2024, Nexstar announced that the CW would not renew its affiliations with the seven E.W. Scripps Company-owned stations—in Norfolk, Lafayette, Detroit, Miami, Tucson, Corpus Christi, and San Luis Obispo—that still carried the network.[222] Nexstar concurrently announced that the CW would move to its own stations in Norfolk and Lafayette effective September 1, 2024;[222] the move would also end WMYD's brief affiliation with the network.[223] On May 1, 2024, it was announced that the CW would move back to its original Chicago station affiliate, WGN-TV (Channel 9), beginning September 1, 2024.[224]
Related services
Video-on-demand services
The CW provides video on demand access for delayed viewing of full episodes of the network's programming through various means, including via its website at CWTV.com and its mobile apps for iOS and Android devices (with programs streamable over Wi-Fi and cellular networks), a traditional VOD service – the CW on Demand – that is available on most traditional cable and IPTV providers, and through content deals with Hulu, iTunes and Netflix.[225][226]
In January 2007, the CW began streaming full-length episodes of several of its programs on the CWTV.com website. The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on the CW app and the CW on Demand the day after their original broadcast. Due to restrictions imposed through its deal with the streaming service, streaming of the most recent episode of any CW program on Hulu is restricted until eight days after their initial broadcast, in order to encourage live or same-week (via both DVR and cable on-demand) viewing, with day-after-air streaming on either service limited to subscribers of Hulu's subscription service. The CW previously imposed a three-day delay after an episode's original airdate before making its programs available on its website and through the Hulu subscription service (then known as Hulu Plus). However, changes implemented by the network on March 15, 2012, to reduce copyright infringement of its programming content through illegal streaming and downloading internet platforms resulted in that delay being reduced to eight hours after a program's original airing through both services.[225][226][227] In October 2011, the network entered into digital distribution deals with streaming services Netflix and Hulu. The four-year Netflix agreement allowed its customers to instantly watch more than 700 hours of previous seasons of the CW's then-current scripted series, while Hulu signed a five-year deal, giving the streaming site access to next-day content from four of the five major networks (except for CW sister network CBS).[225][226] The Netflix deal was estimated to be worth $1 billion, providing a much needed lifeline to the money-losing CW network and solidified its future as a valuable asset for then-co-owners CBS and Warner Bros.[228] The Netflix deal was renewed in 2016, updated to allow the streaming service to provide entire seasons of CW shows a week after their airing. The Hulu deal was discontinued at this time.[229] In 2019, the CW and Netflix opted not to renew the deal. The respective studios of CW shows would instead sell to streaming services individually.[57] Beginning in 2020, WarnerMedia streaming service HBO Max (later rebranded to Max under Warner Bros. Discovery) would be the exclusive streaming home for Warners-produced CW shows.[230]
On October 24, 2012, the CW entered into its first video-on-demand distribution deal with a pay television provider through an agreement with Comcast that allows customers to watch the four most-recent episodes of the network's primetime shows on the cable provider's Xfinity On Demand service, along with next-day episode content. The CW On Demand, which is accessible to subscribers at no additional charge, debuted on Comcast Xfinity systems nationwide on October 25, 2012.[231]
High-definition feed
The CW's master feed is transmitted in 1080i high definition with 5.1 surround sound. All transmission of the network's programming moved to the format in June 2012, with the network's prime time lineup being presented in HD since March 2012 (when America's Next Top Model became the final CW program to convert to the format), with the exception of certain specials produced prior to that point (such as Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer, a holiday special carried over to the network from the WB) and select movie presentations. The network's Saturday morning E/I block, One Magnificent Morning, is also broadcast in HD, with the final SD program, the two-season daytime talk show The Robert Irvine Show converting to the format for its second and final season in September 2017 (and in turn ending U.S. broadcast television's standard definition age).
The network is available in HD on most of its full-power affiliates, while availability of high definition content on subchannel-only or cable-exclusive affiliates varies by market; in some of these cases, the over-the-air signal is available only in standard definition (a 16:9 widescreen feed transmitted in 480i SD is presented on some over-the-air affiliates to meet minimum requirements for presentation), with the station offering an exclusive high definition feed to pay television providers. Some affiliates transmit CW programming in 720p HD due to technical considerations if the network is carried on a digital terrestrial subchannel of a station affiliated with another major network or if a primary feed CW affiliate carries more than one subchannel. Since June 2012, the CW Plus feed is also transmitted in HD, and the network has asked those affiliates to carry it in high definition wherever possible. With CBS beginning to use 16:9 framing for all of their graphics on September 24, 2018, the CW was the last major network that continued to use 4:3 framing for all graphics, before switching to the 16:9 framing for all of their graphics in August 2020.
CW Seed
CW Seed (originally called CWD or the CW Digital Studio) is a production arm that provided original content created exclusively for digital platforms focused in the areas of animation, game shows, comedy, and digital personalities.[232] Previously existing as a section on the CW's main website, CW Seed was spun-off to a separate domain in 2013 as a streaming platform.[233][234][235] The free media app became available on several devices, including Roku and Amazon Fire TV.[236][237]
CW Seed produced various web series, including Vixen, Freedom Fighters: The Ray, and Constantine: City of Demons.[238][239][240] On January 8, 2020, CW Seed acquired U.S. streaming rights to 14 series from BBC Studios.[241] In September 2020, the platform added over 300 hours of programming with additional seasons for existing shows and new series, such as 90210, Lost Girl, Nikita, and XIII: The Conspiracy.[242] The CW Seed app and website were reabsorbed into the CW's in April 2022.[243]
Footnotes
- ^ Nexstar operates this station on behalf of Mission Broadcasting
- ^ The CW's deal to broadcast the NASCAR Xfinity Series was supposed to start with the 2025 season-opener, but was pushed up to the 26th race of the 2024 season, which was the Food City 300.[111][112]
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Further reading
- Lausch, Kayti Adaire (2013), The niche network: gender, genre, and the CW brand, retrieved January 27, 2017
External links
- Official website (site only accessible from within the United States)