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World Health Assembly

The World Health Assembly meets in the assembly hall of the Palace of Nations , in Geneva ( Switzerland ). The World Health Assembly ( WHA ) is the forum through which the World...

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The World Health Assembly meets in the assembly hall of the Palace of Nations, in Geneva (Switzerland).

The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 193 member states. It is the world's highest health policy setting body and is composed of health ministers from member states.

The members of the WHA generally meet every year in May in Geneva, Switzerland, at the Palace of Nations, the location of WHO Headquarters. The main tasks of the WHA are to decide major policy questions, as well as to approve the WHO work programme and budget and elect its Director-General (every fifth year) and annually to elect ten members to renew part of its executive board.[1] Its main functions are to determine the policies of the Organization, supervise financial policies, and review and approve the proposed programme budget.

Members, observers and rules

The original membership of the WHA, at the first assembly held in 1948, numbered 55 member states.[2] The WHA has, currently, 193 member states (all UN members without Liechtenstein and the United States, plus the Cook Islands and Niue).[3][4]

The WHA also includes two associate members, Puerto Rico and Tokelau. In addition, seven agencies have observer status at the WHA – the Vatican, the Palestinian Authority, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the South Centre organization, and the Inter-Parliamentary Union.

The Assembly is governed by Rules of Procedure of the World Health Assembly;[5] agenda items are set by the General Committee of the Assembly, a group of 25 individuals that includes the President and subcommittee chairs, and a number of delegates elected by the Assembly previous.[5]

Taiwan

"#TaiwanCanHelp" installation art displayed in front of the Palace of Nations in Geneva during the 2023 World Health Assembly

Taiwan participated as an observer to the WHA for 8 years between 2008 and 2016, under the name "Chinese Taipei".[6][7] The WHA allows non-state entities to join as observers, whereas the WHO requires statehood to be its member.[8] However, since the 71st WHA in 2017, pressure from the Chinese government has prevented Taiwan from participating in the WHA again.[9] The United States, Australia, Germany, and Japan are among countries that support the re-inclusion of Taiwan.[10][11][12]

Executive board

Each year, the WHA elects members from among its ranks to renew the executive board (EB). This body is governed in Chapter VI, Articles 24 through 29, of the Constitution of the WHO. The EB must have an equitable geographic distribution, and "shall be elected for three years and may be re-elected... The Board shall meet at least twice a year and shall determine the place of each meeting."[13] This is invariably chosen (by consensus) to be Geneva. A current list of members on the executive board can be derived through consultation of the WHA #Annual Assemblies summaries which are posted below.

Resolutions

The main international policy frameworks adopted through WHA resolutions include:

In addition, the WHA has endorsed through resolutions a number of WHO action plans dealing with different areas to improve health around the world, such as:

The WHA is also responsible for the endorsement of the WHO Family of International Classifications, a series of internationally standardized medical classifications, including the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Annual Assemblies

2008: Sixty-first WHA

The focus of the 61st WHA was public health. Participants from 190 countries attended, with a record 2704 delegates.[17] Important briefings and resolutions involved intellectual property barriers in research and development; combatting non-communicable diseases and female genital mutilation; campaigns to support breastfeeding and to decrease abuse of alcohol and tobacco; immunization practices, including adoption of the term "pharma fraud"; and health issues facing migrants.[17][18][19]

2009: Sixty-second WHA

In her role as global patron of The White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood, and chair of the Maternal Mortality Campaign, Sarah Brown gave the keynote speech at the World Health Organization's 62nd WHA, alongside United Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon,[20] asking "Where is the M in MCH?' [maternal and child health]" in an echo of Allan Rosenfield's landmark Lancet article of 1985 – and highlighting that the numbers of women dying in pregnancy and childbirth were still the same 14 years later.[21]

2012: Sixty-fifth WHA

Among other actions, the 65th Assembly endorsed the Rio Political Declaration to address the social determinants of health, intended to spearhead support for all countries to adopt inclusive Health For All approaches to health promotion.[22] It also endorsed the first World Immunization Week.[23]

2013: Sixty-sixth WHA

In her address to the 66th WHA in May 2013, DGWHO Margaret Chan traced a brief history of revisions to the International Health Regulations following the SARS outbreak in 2002–3, the "first severe new disease of the 21st century." She observed that the two new diseases WHO is dealing with in 2013 are the novel coronavirus (MERS), from the same family as SARS, detected in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, and the first-ever human infections with the H7N9 avian influenza virus reported in China in 2013.[24] She attributed the positive report by the World Health Statistics (May 2013) on dramatic improvement in health in the world's poorest countries from 1993 to 2013, to the emphasis placed on poverty alleviation by the Millennium Development Goals.[24] She announced the emergence of global action plans for noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and the prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment calling for a life course approach which includes "equity through universal health coverage," preventive strategies and "integrated service delivery."[24]

Chan declaró en la asamblea que la propiedad intelectual , o las patentes sobre cepas de nuevos virus, no deberían impedir que las naciones protejan a sus ciudadanos limitando las investigaciones científicas. Tras el brote de MERS de 2012 , el viceministro de Salud de Arabia Saudita, Ziad Memish, expresó su preocupación de que los científicos que solicitaron una patente no permitirían que el coronavirus MERS se utilizara para investigaciones por otros científicos y, por lo tanto, estaban retrasando el desarrollo de pruebas de diagnóstico. Diez de las 22 personas que murieron y 22 de los 44 casos reportados estaban en Arabia Saudita. [ 25 ] El microbiólogo radicado en Arabia Saudita, Ali Mohamed Zaki, reportó el primer caso conocido, un hombre saudita de 60 años que enfermó en junio de 2012 en ProMed-mail, un foro en línea de salud pública [ 26 ] luego publicó más detalles, incluyendo la composición genética del virus y los parientes más cercanos. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] El Centro Médico Erasmus "analizó, secuenció e identificó" una muestra proporcionada por Ali Mohamed Zaki. [ 28 ] Erasmus MC y el Dr. Zaki refutaron enérgicamente todas las acusaciones relativas a una supuesta falta de voluntad para cooperar en la investigación del nuevo coronavirus MERS, poniendo a disposición de todas las instituciones de investigación del mundo pruebas de diagnóstico y muestras del virus de forma gratuita. [ 29 ]

2014: Sexagésimo séptimo Campeonato Mundial de Hockey sobre Hielo

La 67.ª Asamblea Mundial de la Salud tuvo lugar en Ginebra del 19 al 24 de mayo de 2014. Entre las más de 20 resoluciones adoptadas por la Asamblea se incluyeron algunas relativas al fortalecimiento de los sistemas nacionales de gestión de medicamentos para abordar la resistencia a los antimicrobianos ; la aplicación del Convenio de Minamata para proteger la salud humana y el medio ambiente de los efectos de la exposición al mercurio y sus compuestos; y la mejora del acceso a los medicamentos esenciales en todo el mundo. [ 30 ] También se aprobó un marco mundial de seguimiento de la nutrición materna, infantil y de la niñez . [ 31 ] [ 32 ]

Tras la 67.ª Asamblea Mundial de la Salud, la Directora General de la OMS, Chan, fue criticada por la Asociación de Corresponsales Acreditados ante las Naciones Unidas (ACANU) por no haber hablado directamente con los medios de comunicación durante la Asamblea. [ 33 ]

2015: Sexagésimo octavo título mundial de la WHA

El 68.º período de sesiones de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud (AMS) tuvo lugar en Ginebra del 18 al 26 de mayo de 2015. Jagat Prakash Nadda asumió la presidencia de la AMS. India asumió la presidencia tras un intervalo de 19 años.

During the assembly the WHA agreed to the Global Malaria Strategy and Programme Budget for 2016–2017, polio, International Health Regulations, strengthening surgical care, WHO's reform of its emergency and response programme, antimicrobial resistance, immunization gaps, malnutrition, air pollution, and epilepsy. Annual health awards were given by the DGWHO and the President of WHA.[34]

2016: Sixty-ninth WHA

The 69th World Health Assembly took place from 23 to 28 May 2016, and agreed to pursue the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a comprehensive set of foundational steps, prioritizing universal health coverage, working with actors outside the health sector to address the social, economic and environmental root causes of antimicrobial resistance and other human health problems, to continue expanding efforts to address poor maternal and child health and infectious diseases in developing countries, and to focus upon equity within and between countries. Delegates decided to invite the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control's (WHO FCTC) Conference of the Parties (COP) to provide information on outcomes of this biennial event to future World Health Assembly meetings.

2017: Seventieth WHA

The 70th World Health Assembly took place from 22 to 31 May 2017. For the first time since 2009, Taiwan was completely excluded from the WHA, following the election of Tsai Ing-wen and subsequent political pressure from China.[35]

2018: Seventy-first WHA

The 71st World Health Assembly took place from 21 to 26 May 2018.[36]

Australia, Chile, China, Djibouti, Finland, Gabon, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Romania, Sudan, and United States of America were elected to the executive board.[37]

2019: Seventy-second WHA

The 72nd World Health Assembly took place from 20 to 28 May 2019. Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Grenada, Guyana, Kenya, Singapore, Tajikistan, Tonga, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates were elected to the executive board.[38] The President of WHA72 was Dr Bounkong Syhavong of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.[39]

2020: Seventy-third WHA

The 73rd World Health Assembly took place virtually from 18 to 19 May 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[40][41]

Keva Bain of The Bahamas was selected President of WHA73.[42][43]Botswana, Colombia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, India, Madagascar, Oman, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland were elected to the executive board. Harsh Vardhan of India became the chairman of the executive board.

Multiple countries, led by the United States, called for the reinstatement of Taiwan's observer status in protest against Chinese pressure.[42]

On 25 May, delegates reached a consensus to hold a special session in November 2021 to consider the International Treaty on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response.[44]

2021: Seventy-fourth WHA

The 74th World Health Assembly took place virtually from 24 May to 1 June 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 event focused on the theme: "Ending this pandemic, preventing the next: building together a healthier, safer and fairer world".[45]

2021: WHA Special Session

The WHA gathered for a special session (only the second in the history of the WHO) on 29 November 2021, to draft and negotiate an International Treaty on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response.[46]

2022: Seventy-fifth WHA

The 75th World Health Assembly took place from 22 to 28 May 2022. The theme of the 2022 Health Assembly was: "Health for peace, peace for health."[47]

2023: Seventy-sixth WHA

The 76th World Health Assembly took place from 21 to 30 May 2023. The theme of the 2023 Health Assembly was: "WHO at 75: Saving lives, driving health for all."[48]

2024: Seventy-seventh WHA

The 77th World Health Assembly took place from 27 May to 1 June 2024. The theme of the 2024 Health Assembly was: "All for Health, Health for All."[49]

2025: Seventy-eighth WHA

The 78th World Health Assembly took place from 19 to 27 May 2025. The theme of the 2025 Health Assembly was: "One World for Health."[50] At a side event during the assembly, several countries signed an African Union-led agreement to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis and backed closer regional cooperation to advance elimination goals.[51]

2026: Seventy-ninth WHA

The 79th World Health Assembly took place from 18 to 23 May 2026.[52]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^"World Health Assembly". Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  2. ^WHO. Working for health: an introduction to the World Health Organization. Geneva.
  3. ^"Countries". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 21 August 2004. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  4. ^Daalen, Kim Robin van; Chowdhury, Maisoon; Dada, Sara; Khorsand, Parnian; El-Gamal, Salma; Kaidarova, Galiya; Jung, Laura; Othman, Razan; O'Leary, Charlotte Anne; Ashworth, Henry Charles; Socha, Anna; Olaniyan, Dolapo; Azeezat, Fajembola Temilade; Abouhala, Siwaar; Abdulkareem, Toyyib (1 August 2022). "Does global health governance walk the talk? Gender representation in World Health Assemblies, 1948–2021". BMJ Global Health. 7 (8) e009312. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009312. ISSN 2059-7908. PMC 9403126. PMID 35998979.
  5. ^ ab"RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY". Basic Documents(PDF) (47 ed.). World Health Organization.
  6. ^deLisle, Jacques (13 May 2009). "Taiwan in the World Health Assembly: A Victory, With Limits". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  7. ^ van der Wees, Gerrit (10 de mayo de 2016). "Taiwán y la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . The Diplomat . Consultado el 27 de diciembre de 2020 .
  8. ^ Herington, Jonathan; Lee, Kelley (diciembre de 2014). "Los límites de la diplomacia sanitaria mundial: el estatus de observador de Taiwán en la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . Globalización y Salud . 10 (1): 71. doi : 10.1186/s12992-014-0071-y . PMC 4197227. PMID 25270977 .  
  9. ^ Schlein, Lisa (20 de mayo de 2019). "China excluye a Taiwán de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . Voice of America . Archivado del original el 21 de diciembre de 2019. Consultado el 27 de diciembre de 2020. Lisa Schlein
  10. ^ Aspinwall, Nick (10 de mayo de 2019). "Taiwán obtiene apoyo internacional tras ser excluido de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . The Diplomat . Consultado el 27 de diciembre de 2020 .
  11. ^ "Estados Unidos respalda los llamados para que Taiwán tenga un papel en la Asamblea de Salud de la ONU" . Associated Press . 20 de mayo de 2019. Consultado el 27 de diciembre de 2020 .
  12. ^ Miles, Tom (20 de mayo de 2017). "Excluida del foro de la ONU, Taiwán critica duramente la 'coerción y las amenazas' de China"." . Reuters . Consultado el 27 de diciembre de 2020 .
  13. ^ "1 – Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud". Documentos básicos (PDF) (49.ª ed.). Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2020.
  14. ^ "Hitos en la erradicación de la viruela" . Organización Mundial de la Salud. Archivado del original el 31 de julio de 2009. Consultado el 21 de junio de 2011 .
  15. ^ OMS. Poliomielitis. Consultado el 21 de junio de 2011.
  16. ^ a b "La sexagésima cuarta Asamblea Mundial de la Salud concluye tras la aprobación de varias resoluciones" . Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud. 24 de mayo de 2011. Archivado del original el 25 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 21 de junio de 2011 .
  17. ^ a b "Sexagésima primera Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . Centro de prensa . Organización Mundial de la Salud. nd Archivado del original el 26 de mayo de 2008. Recuperado el 9 de febrero de 2020 .
  18. ^"61st World Health Assembly: guidelines and information for media (WHA Media Advisory)". Media centre. World Health Organization. 14 May 2008. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  19. ^Dalzell, Janet; Rogerson, Elizabeth; Martindale, Linda (2010). Breastfeeding: Contemporary Issues in Practice and Policy. Radcliffe Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-138-03117-3.
  20. ^"World Health Organization". 19 May 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  21. ^Brown, Sarah (19 May 2009). "Keynote address to 62nd World Health Assembly by Sarah Brown, Patron of the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  22. ^"65th World Health Assembly closes with new global health measures". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  23. ^"World Immunization Week essentials". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  24. ^ abcChan, Margaret (20 May 2013). WHO Director-General addresses the sixty-sixth World Health Assembly (Report). Geneva: World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013.
  25. ^"WHO urges information sharing over novel coronavirus". BBC News. 23 May 2013.
  26. ^ abSaey, Tina Hesman (27 February 2013). "Scientists race to understand deadly new virus: SARS-like infection causes severe illness, but may not spread quickly". Science News. Vol. 183, no. 6. p. 5. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  27. ^Zaki, Ali Mohamed; et al. (8 November 2012). "Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (19): 1814–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. hdl:1765/63498. PMID 23075143.
  28. ^Heilprin, John (23 May 2013). The Associated Press (AP) (ed.). "WHO: Probe into deadly coronavirus delayed by sample dispute". Geneva: CTV.
  29. ^"No restrictions for public health research into MERS coronavirus". Rotterdam: Erasmus MC. 24 May 2013. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  30. ^"World Health Assembly closes". Geneva: World Health Organization. 24 May 2014. Archived from the original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  31. ^World Health Organization, Informal consultation with Member States and UN Agencies on a proposed set of indicators for the Global Monitoring Framework for Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  32. ^"World Health Assembly approves monitoring framework for maternal and child nutrition". Geneva: World Health Organization. 21 May 2014. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  33. ^Das, Pamela; Sotomayor, Gabriela (21 June 2014). "WHO and the media: a major impediment to global health?". The Lancet. 383 (9935): 2102–2104. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60854-0. PMC 7134575. PMID 24928807.
  34. ^"WHO | Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly". Geneva: World Health Organization. 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  35. ^Horton, Chris (21 September 2018). "As U.N. Gathers, Taiwan, Frozen Out, Struggles to Get Noticed". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  36. ^"WHA71 side events: Technical briefings, official side events and other meetings at the Palais des Nations and in town". Geneva Global Health Hub. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  37. ^"Election of Members entitled to designate a person to serve on the Executive Board"(PDF). World Health Organization.
  38. ^"Election of Members entitled to designate a person to serve on the Executive Board"(PDF). World Health Organization.
  39. ^"Election of officers of the Seventy-second World Health Assembly"(PDF). World Health Organization. 20 May 2019.
  40. ^ "EB145/11. Futuros períodos de sesiones del Consejo Ejecutivo y de la Asamblea de la Salud: Informe del Director General" (PDF) . Organización Mundial de la Salud. 1 de abril de 2019. Consultado el 6 de febrero de 2020 .
  41. ^ "Septuagésima tercera Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . Organización Mundial de la Salud . Consultado el 18 de mayo de 2020 .
  42. ^ a b "Apertura de la 73.ª Asamblea Mundial de la Salud virtual" . Organización Mundial de la Salud. 18 de mayo de 2020. Archivado del original el 13 de diciembre de 2021.
  43. ^ "Keva Bain elegida presidenta de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . The Tribune / Ellington. 18 de mayo de 2020.
  44. ^ "La Asamblea Mundial de la Salud celebrará conversaciones sobre el tratado de la pandemia en noviembre" . 25 de mayo de 2021.
  45. ^ "Septuagésima cuarta Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" .
  46. ^ "Sesión especial de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud, 29 de noviembre de 2021 - 1 de diciembre de 2021" .
  47. ^ "Septuagésima quinta Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" .
  48. ^ "Septuagésima sexta Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" .
  49. ^ "Septuagésima séptima Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" .
  50. ^ "Septuagésima octava Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" .
  51. ^ "Las naciones africanas se unen para eliminar la leishmaniasis visceral e impulsar la colaboración transfronteriza en materia de enfermedades tropicales desatendidas" . Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) . 22 de mayo de 2025. Consultado el 27 de marzo de 2026 .
  52. ^ "Septuagésima novena Asamblea Mundial de la Salud" . www.who.int . Consultado el 18 de mayo de 2026 .
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