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Canjunxi

Canjunxi ( Chinese : 參軍戲 ) or nongcanjun was a popular form of Chinese performing art during the Tang (618–907), Five Dynasties (907–960), and Song (960–1279) periods. Initially...

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Canjunxi (Chinese:參軍戲) or nongcanjun was a popular form of Chinese performing art during the Tang (618–907), Five Dynasties (907–960), and Song (960–1279) periods. Initially a comedy duet, canjunxi became more complex and by the late Tang dynasty featured a combination of music, dance, and storytelling.[1]

Wang Guowei (1877–1927) believed it to be a primitive precursor of Chinese opera, while other scholars consider it to be more similar to certain forms of quyi, such as xiangsheng.

Origin

According to a passage from Zhao Shu (趙書; "Book of Zhao") quoted in the 983 book Taiping Yulan, canjunxi originated from the Later Zhao dynasty (319–351) during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. The adjutant (Chinese:參軍; pinyin:cānjūn) Zhou Yan (周延) once embezzled several hundred bolts of official silk as the magistrate of Guantao and ended up in prison. Later Zhao's emperor Shi Le pardoned him, but humiliated him whenever there was a gathering. At these banquets, Zhou had to wear yellow silk clothes and perform comedy duets with another entertainer. When asked what his title was, Zhou would flutter his clothes and reply "I was the magistrate of Guantao once, but have been reduced to your ranks after embezzling these!" as everyone laughed.[2]

Another theory was that canjunxi originated from the Eastern Han period (25–220).[2]

Style

Grave figures of ladies in waiting, dancers and musicians, from the Sui or Tang periods. Náprstek Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.

El canjunxi cómico involucraba a dos intérpretes, conocidos como canjun ("ayudante") y canghu ( chino tradicional :蒼鶻; chino simplificado :苍鹘; pinyin : cānghú ; lit. ' halcón azul ' ). [ 3 ] A finales de la dinastía Tang , había evidencia de que habían surgido intérpretes femeninas y que un nuevo estilo podría haberse formado al incorporar características del gewuxi (歌舞戲, "una especie de ballet narrativo en el que los bailarines a veces decían diálogos sencillos" [ 4 ] ) en el canjunxi . [ 5 ] La investigación sobre el texto japonés gagaku de 966 Shinsen Gakufu (新撰樂谱, shinjitai :新撰楽譜, "Nuevas selecciones de partituras") también sugiere que el canjunxi estaba estrechamente relacionado con un estilo musical llamado canjun y presentaba danza, al menos en el período final de la dinastía Tang. [ 6 ]

La obra de finales de la dinastía Tang, Lu Canjun ( chino :陸參軍; lit. ' Ayudante Lu ' ), fue el primer canjunxi conocido que contaba claramente una historia, la de Lu Yu (733-804), un maestro del té que también fue artista. [ 6 ] El canjunxi evolucionó en algún momento hacia las primeras formas de ópera china , posiblemente en el siglo XII, convirtiéndose en yuanben durante la dinastía Jin (1115-1234) y zaju durante la dinastía Song del Sur (1127-1279). [ 4 ]

Referencias

  1. ^ Jin, pág. 15-17.
  2. 1 2 Jin, pág. 14.
  3. ^ Jin, pág. 14-15.
  4. 1 2 Idema, Wilt ; Haft, Lloyd (1997). Guía de literatura china . University of Michigan Press . págs. 171–172 . ISBN  0-89264-123-1.
  5. ^ Jin, pág. 15.
  6. 12Ge Xiaoyin (葛晓音) (May 2015). "从日本雅乐看唐参军和唐大曲的表演形式" [The Performance Form of Canjun and Grand Music in the Tang Dynasty： Viewed from the Perspective of Japanese Gagaku]. Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) (in Chinese). 52 (3): 114–126.
  • Jin Dengcai (金登才) (2005). 中国戏曲精华史[Essential History of Chinese Opera] (in Chinese). Sichuan Literature and Art Publishing House (四川文艺出版社). ISBN 7-5411-2325-0.