Belgrade declaration

The Belgrade declaration (Russian: Белградская декларация, Serbo-Croatian: Beogradska deklaracija, Београдска декларација, Slovene: Beograjska deklaracija, Macedonian: Белградска декларација) is a document signed by President of YugoslaviaJosip Broz Tito and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev on 2 June 1955 that brought about a short reconciliation between the two states.^[1][2][3] Negotiations leading up to the signing of the document took place between 27 May and 2 June.^[3]

The declaration guaranteed noninterference in Yugoslavia's internal affairs and legitimized the right to interpret other forms of socialist development in different countries.^[4] While the declaration failed in achieving lasting rapprochement between the two countries (a result of Yugoslav anxiety over the Hungarian Revolution of 1956) it had an effect on Yugoslav disengagement from the Balkan Pact with the NATO member states of Turkey and Greece.^[2] The document was a cornerstone for the relations between the two countries for the following 35 years.^[5]

After Stalin's death in 1953, Tito had to choose between a more Western approach to reforms or an agreement with new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. The two countries formally reestablished diplomatic relations with Soviet ambassador Vasily Valkov arriving to Belgrade on 30 July and Yugoslav ambassador Dobrivoje Vidić arriving to Moscow on 30 September 1953 under the leadership of Georgy Malenkov.^[6] This, however, did not automatically lead to normalization between the two ruling parties. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the League of Communists of Yugoslavia exchanged letters in late 1955.^[3]

Tito tried to reconcile with the Soviet Union, inviting Khrushchev to Belgrade in 1955. The Khrushchev trip to Belgrade is sometimes colloquially known as the "Soviet Canossa".^[7]

Esta reunión culminó con la declaración de Belgrado, que puso fin al período del Informbiro , otorgó a otros países socialistas el derecho a interpretar el marxismo de manera diferente y garantizó relaciones más equitativas entre todos los estados satélite y la Unión Soviética. Sin embargo, los límites de este acuerdo se hicieron evidentes tras la intervención soviética en Hungría en octubre de 1956; a esta le siguió una nueva campaña soviética contra Tito, que responsabilizó al gobierno yugoslavo de la insurrección húngara. Las relaciones soviético-yugoslavas atravesaron períodos de frialdad similares en la década de 1960 (tras el violento final de la Primavera de Praga y la posterior invasión de Checoslovaquia por el Pacto de Varsovia ) y posteriormente. ^{[ 8 ]} Yugoslavia, sin embargo, se convirtió en miembro asociado del Comecon en 1964 tras alcanzarse un acuerdo con la dirección soviética. ^{[ 9 ]}